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How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Estimating respiratory infection rates in the community is challenging as testing is usually limited to people with more severe infections. Here, the authors develop a statistical method to estimate infection rates using data from a community survey that performed lateral flow testing in England and Scotland in 2023-24.

This study demonstrates that resting-state fMRI networks can rapidly reconfigure in response to a single, 10-ms thalamic neural population activity input, revealing how brain networks mediate fast neural information flow and processing.

CDK4/6 inhibitors are promising treatments for ER+ breast cancer, however resistance remains a challenge. Here, the authors analyse the NeoPalANA cohort and indicate that a 33 gene signature was predictive of response to neoadjuvant anastrozole and palbociclib.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Measurement-free quantum error correction allows to avoid costly mid-circuit measurements and feed-forward controls. Here, the authors present a toolbox of logical operations needed for measurement-free fault-tolerant universal quantum computing and demonstrate a measurement-free logical fault-tolerant logical algorithm using an error-detecting code on an ion-trap quantum processor.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Approaches combining genetic association and Perturb-seq data that link genetic variants to functional programs to traits are described.

An in-depth analysis of tissue biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and CAR T cell therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (CirAEs) after treatment with commercial BCMA-targeted CAR T cell therapy shows that CD4⁺ CAR T cells mediate off-tumor toxicities and that high CD4:CD8 ratio at apheresis, robust early CAR T cell expansion, ICANS and ciltacabtagene autoleuce treatment are independently associated with the development of CirAEs.

Efficient and durable energy storage is vital for renewable integration. Here, the authors design an aqueous iron-cerium redox flow battery using a universal complexing agent that enhances stability and efficiency, achieving long cycle life and high performance in neutral conditions.

The authors give a method for learning causal gene networks using Perturb-seq data. In K562 cells, they find a network with small-world and scale-free properties. Analysis shows a relationship between gene centrality, essentiality and heritability.

High-pressure measurements of the electrical conductivity of (Mg,Fe)O, used as an analogue for basal magma ocean material, indicate that the conductivity is high enough to produce a dynamo much stronger than a core-driven dynamo for super-Earths larger than 3–6 Earth masses.

This study reports a motif of local field potentials that maps onto the anatomical layers of the cortex, is preserved across macaque cortical areas and across primates and may represent a ubiquitous layer-based and frequency-based cortical mechanism.

Using extended-gate capacitive coupling and diode connection, stretchable biosensors with a built-in differential circuit design can be created that can offer low signal distortion under bias stress instability, uniaxial strain, compression and temperature variations.

The anterior cingulate cortex encodes affective pain behaviours modulated by opioids; targeting opioid-sensitive neurons through a new chemogenetic gene therapy replicates the analgesic effects of morphine, providing precise chronic pain relief without affecting sensory detection.

Multimodal results (iEEG, fMRI and MEG) of predictions from integrated information theory and global neuronal workspace theory align with some predictions of both theories on visual consciousness, but also critically challenge key tenets of both theories.

Metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) has limited treatments options. Here, this group presents a combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide, anti-CSF1R, and anti-PD-1 therapies to boost immune cell infiltration and reduce recurrence in aggressive TNBC models.

Real-world social networks are often ephemeral and subject to exogenous restructuring. Q. Su et al. show that dynamic networks can foster cooperative behavior.

VeloCycle is a manifold-constrained generative framework to estimate RNA velocity during the cell cycle.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Through direct visualization of how the moiré potential enhances and modulates the topological flat band in rhombohedral graphene superlattice, this work provides key insights into the microscopic mechanism of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Acoustically activatable nanocarriers made by incorporating 5% sucrose into liposomes release drug with low-intensity ultrasound, providing a readily clinically translatable system for both central and peripheral noninvasive neuromodulation.

Confocal microscopy enables high-resolution, high-plex 3D cyclic immunofluorescence of 30- to 50-µm-thick tissue sections. The approach allows for rich phenotypic assessments of intact cells and intercellular interactions with subcellular resolution.

Dengue virus transmission by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes poses a significant public health threat, necessitating innovative control strategies. Here, the authors demonstrate that, while successive blood feeding increases earlier dengue virus dissemination, the inhibitory effects of Wolbachia remain strong, highlighting Wolbachia’s potential to disrupt dengue transmission under natural feeding conditions.

The local Drude model predicts that, under certain conditions, surface plasmon polaritons at a metal-dielectric surface have a frequency range where only unidirectional propagation is supported. Here, the authors show that in more realistic non-local models surface plasmon polaritons exhibit bidirectional propagation for all frequencies.

The authors study the non-centrosymmetric achiral material In_xTaS₂ by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and quantum oscillations. They find that it hosts an “ideal” Kramers nodal line, well isolated at the Fermi level.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

The authors develop a method to measure the coupling between a single photon source and any arbitrary photonic structure having constant density of electromagnetic states over the linewidth of the emitter. They demonstrate this method by an experiment on a single molecule coupled to an interrupted nanophotonic waveguide.

Foambryo is an analysis pipeline for three-dimensional force-inference measurements in developing embryos.

Mendelian randomization (MR) identifies causal relationships from observational data but has increased error rates when the genetic variants used as instruments come from a single region, a typical scenario when assessing molecular traits like protein or metabolite levels as risk factors. Here the authors introduce a single-region pleiotropy-robust MR method, validating the method on three ground truth sources, showing its capability to identify disease-causing molecular traits.

The authors report that tensile strain applied to CsV₃Sb₅ strongly suppresses the charge-density-wave (CDW) gap, increases the mass of the fermions at the higher-order van Hove singularity (HO-VHS) and drives the energy of the HO-VHS towards the Fermi energy. Further, they suggest an important role of the HO-VHS in superconducting pairing.

Recent technological, social, and educational changes are profoundly impacting our work, but what makes labour markets resilient to those labour shocks? Here, the authors show that labour markets resemble ecological systems whose resilience depends critically on the network of skill similarities between different jobs.

The early postnatal roles of dendrite-targeting interneurons in primary visual cortex (V1) remain elusive. Here, the authors find that somatostatin interneurons in mouse V1 exhibit a uniquely delayed developmental trajectory for innervation and sensory responses, highlighting a window for the emergence of a key mechanism for normalization in cortical circuits.

The growing demand for computational and energy resources in neural network training presents a significant challenge. The authors demonstrate that quantum annealing platforms, like D-Wave, can efficiently train classical neural networks, achieving superior performance scaling compared to classical methods, with potential implications for more sustainable AI development.

The use of molecules as fuels to achieve function is largely unexplored. Now it has been shown that fuelled dissipative self-assembly can yield transient droplets that release a surfactant, driving the macroscopic transport of these droplets.

Here the authors analyse the impact of space on haemoglobin gene regulation using data from NASA, JAXA and SpaceX i4 missions. They find that globin gene down-regulation leads to space anaemia with post-flight recovery, and reveal an adult-to-foetal globin switch activation.

Here the authors screen different lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations for intramuscular delivery of plasmid DNA and uptake by antigen-presenting cells. The lead LNP exhibits immunogenicity and protection in small animal models that is comparable to approved SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine formulations.

The Dresselhaus and Rashba effects have traditionally been expected only in non-centrosymmetric systems but recent work has shown that they can exist in some centrosymmetric materials. Here the authors show that the so-called hidden Rashba effect originates from wavefunction segregation enforced by local symmetries.

Finding a general way to come up with optimal strategies for quantum information tasks is a matter of both fundamental and practical interest. Here, the authors tackle the problem using the formalism of quantum preparation games, finding applications for entanglement detection and quantification.

MEMS-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are often limited in speed by mechanical resonances. Here the authors report a programmable architecture for PICs which uses mechanical eigenmodes for synchronized, resonantly enhanced optical modulation.

The authors identify that sedges in the Arctic have a different isoprene temperature response than other temperate plants, and this finding explains the high temperature sensitivity of isoprene emissions from Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in spike have emerged during the pandemic. Magaret et al. show that in Latin America, efficacy of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against moderate to severe–critical COVID-19 varied by sequence features, antibody escape scores, and neutralization impacting features of the SARS-CoV-2 variant.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

A large-scale study examined the heterogeneous effects of artificial intelligence (AI) assistance on 140 radiologists across 15 chest X-ray diagnostic tasks and found that conventional experience-based factors, such as years of experience, subspecialty and familiarity with AI tools, fail to reliably predict the impact of AI assistance.