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Environmental justice and drinking water in the US: Higher proportions of Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and non-Hispanic Black residents were associated with higher public water arsenic and uranium at the county-level, findings differed by region.

Superlubric arrays of double-bilayer graphene enable elastically coupled switching between Bernal and rhombohedral graphene polytypes under shear forces below 1 nN with an estimated energy cost of less than 1 fJ per switching event.

Climate change can alter when and how animals grow, breed, and migrate, but it is unclear whether this allows populations to persist. This global study shows that shifts in seasonal timing are key to helping vertebrate species maintain population growth under global warming.

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation and ubiquitination tune TCR signaling to avoid self-reactivity. Kim and colleagues show that acetylation also modulates TCR signaling.

The authors report the time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductivity in the thin-flake kagome material RbV3Sb5, manifesting primarily as an unconventional form of hysteresis that is not observed in CsV3Sb5. They also observe reentrance of superconductivity during an in-plane field-sweeping process at 400 mK.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of death, highlighting the need for better imaging of myocardial injury. Here, the authors show that SPOT, an AI powered dual bright- and black-blood imaging approach, improves myocardial scar detection and measurement for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.

A label-free imaging approach detects differences in NIR-II autofluorescence intensity between human liver malignancy and the adjacent tissue.

Tryptophan metabolism is disrupted in aging and neurological disorders. Here, the authors show that histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 regulates tryptophan usage, and its absence results in neurotoxic products and impaired sleep that can be reversed by inhibiting the tryptophan processing enzyme TDO2.

A large, multicenter, double-blind RCT in 150 children and adolescents found that external trigeminal nerve stimulation, although safe and well tolerated, did not produce significant short-term or long-term clinical benefits for ADHD compared to sham treatment.

A global synthesis of >600 studies finds that across agro-ecosystems, grasslands and forests in temperate and tropical zones, increasing plant diversity has a consistently positive effect on plant performance and the suppression of antagonists.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

As a superconducting thin film is made more disordered, or subject to an increasing magnetic field, a point is reached when the material undergoes a transition from a superconducting to an insulating state. Numerical simulations have been used to shed light on the nature of this transition, or, as it turns out, two types of transition.

The perceived toxicity of organometallic reagents has limited their use in living systems. Now it has been shown that balancing flexible chelation with biocompatible ligands without precluding chemical reactivity enables organonickel-mediated S-arylation inside cells. This reaction enables deep chemical surveys of reactive proteins and covalent tracking of intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens.

T cells can recognise lipid antigen in the context of CD1d molecules. Here, the authors show that γδ T cell activation in response to CD1d differs from that of αβ T cells and determine the structure of a γδ T cell receptor that binds to CD1d independently of the presented lipid.

Rathmell and colleagues show that metabolic reprograming of regulatory T cells is associated with severity of critical illness in patients with and without sepsis.

The utility of wet-tissue adhesives has been impeded by the suboptimal adhesive strength. Here the authors report a composite patch integrated with BP nanosheets that improve the wet-tissue adhesion by enhancing the water absorption and mechanical properties of the patch and demonstrate the uses of the patch in hemostasis, physical-activity monitoring and tumour-recurrence prevention.

‘Archaeogenetic analysis of black rat remains reveals that this species was introduced into temperate Europe twice, in the Roman and medieval periods. This population turnover was likely associated with multiple historical and environmental factors.’

Multielectron molecular CO₂ reduction in acid is challenged by weak CO binding and competing hydrogen evolution. Here a methanol Faradaic efficiency of 62% is achieved in acid by tuning the microenvironment with cationic, hydrophobic and aerophilic layers.

Analysis of exomes and transcriptomes from 100 African American patients with acute myeloid leukemia identifies ancestry-related variation in mutation profiles and survival. Refined risk classification suggests clinical relevance of these ancestry-associated differences.

TCR-engineered T cells have shown limited efficacy in part due to the absence of co-stimulation leading to limited accumulation in solid tumors. The authors here show engineering the CD8β coreceptor with an intracellular CD28 domain enhances cytokine production, persistence, and tumor control in vivo independent of tumor-associated co-stimulatory ligand encounter.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

Transcription factor osr2 is identified as a specific marker and regulator of mural lymphatic endothelial cell (muLEC) differentiation and maintenance, and muLECs and border-associated macrophages share functional analogies but are not homologous, providing an example of convergent evolution.

Recent MPXV outbreaks underscore the need for better vaccines and treatments. Here, the authors isolate and structurally characterize potent antibodies interacting with A28 that they identify as a key viral surface protein essential for viral entry and that induces strong, protective antibody response in mice.

Using data from 100 million Brazilian workers, this study reveals persistent occupational segregation—skills segregate workers by gender, while social status of occupations segregates by race, with Black workers concentrated in lower-status jobs.

Most studies of the genetics of the metabolome have been done in individuals of European descent. Here, the authors integrate genomics and metabolomics in Black individuals, highlighting the value of whole genome sequencing in diverse populations and linking circulating metabolites to human disease.

Small regulatory RNAs can act on target mRNAs to control their translation and stability. Here, the authors present evidence that this riboregulation can potentially regulate by pairing to a target site within translation initiation complex and translation-transcription assemblies.

The balance between cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest is essential for liver regeneration. Here the authors report the emergence of partially reprogrammed hepatocytes persisting in plastic states during liver tissue injury, which are resistant to proliferation thereby limiting overgrowth and tumorigenesis.

Carty et al. identify the H3K9 methyltransferases that restrict the size and position of the centromere protein A chromatin domain, maintaining functional centromeres.

Exotic six- and eight-particle excitonic complexes have recently been observed in 2D semiconductors. Here, the authors uncover a stable many-body exciton in WSe₂–comprising 20 interacting quasiparticles–that emerges when strong electrostatic doping fills the Q valley.

Neurons that respond emergently to illusory contours drive pattern completion in V1. Pattern completion in lower cortical areas may therefore mediate perceptual inference by selectively reinforcing activity patterns that match prior expectations.

Here authors identify GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors on interneurons as a specific target for rapid antidepressant action. Blocking GluN2D restores stress-impaired plasticity and mimics the effects of ketamine with fewer side effects.

Pathogenic variants in UNC13A underlie a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome, with three subtypes defined by distinct genotypes with varying clinical and functional impacts characterized in cellular and animal models.

A series of early-time, multiwavelength observations of an optical transient, AT2022cmc, indicate that it is a relativistic jet from a tidal disruption event originating from a supermassive black hole.

JWST/NIRSpec observations of Abell2744-QSO1 show a high black-hole-to-host mass ratio in the early Universe, which indicates that we are seeing the black hole in a phase of rapid growth, accreting at 30% of the Eddington limit.

This study uses the rumen gut microbiome to show that core microbes exhibit attributes of ecological generalists with broad functional capacity and traits that enable them to be metabolically independent while also supporting non-core microbes and the host.

Inhibition of return describes a mechanism in humans and monkeys whereby the visual detection of recently attended objects or locations is impaired. Gabay et al.find that inhibition of return is also present in archer fish, meaning that a fully developed cortex is not needed for this mechanism.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Up-recycling waste wood as a source for producing materials is crucial for sustainability. Here, the authors discover that in situ thermal curing of melamine formaldehyde resin with natural wood enhanced its room temperature phosphorescence performance.

Bacteria of the phylum Bacteroidota move by gliding and export proteins using a type-9 secretion system. Here, Liu et al. show that these two processes use a shared mechanism in which outer membrane proteins are covalently attached by disulfide bonds to a moving track structure inside the cell.

Regeneration varies dramatically even between closely related species. Here they show that the evolutionary loss of foot regeneration observed in Hydra oligactis stems from weak Wnt activation after injury. Transient Wnt activation restores foot regeneration and the expression of foot transcription factor dlx2.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies of aortic stenosis identify more than 200 independent risk loci and provide insights into its genetic architecture.

In this Expert Recommendation, a working group integrating diverse perspectives presents a comprehensive overview of the clinical relevance and applicability of the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index (CLASI) and the rationale for its use as an outcome measure in clinical trials, addressing a long-standing roadblock in the development of new drugs for CLE.

Using synthesized experimental and observational data, Cen et al. revealed that anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has increased global forest soil CO₂ emissions by ~5%, despite considerable spatial variation in the effects of nitrogen deposition.

Eosinophils exist as a functionally heterogeneous population. Whether the heterogeneity is driven by cell-intrinsic or extrinsic factors is underexplored. Here, by leveraging single-cell transcriptomic data and epigenomic analysis, the authors propose that local environmental cues define the gene expression program of murine esophageal eosinophils and identify AP-1 family members, including ATF3, as key regulators of gene expression.

Wastewater surveillance for disease outbreaks currently requires lab testing which causes delays. Here, authors develop ultra-sensitive quantum sensors enabling 2-hour near-source pathogen detection from raw wastewater with high sensitivity and specificity, creating a portable “lab-in-a-suitcase” system.

Here, the authors estimate mammalian biomass from the 1850’s to today, tracking an increase of over five-fold in human and domesticated mammal biomass and a two-fold decrease in wild mammal biomass. Recent trends of increase in some wild marine mammals are seen to be still far below historic levels. The results of this study are caveated due to limited historic data but have implications for conservation efforts.