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Spatial and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the mouse basolateral amygdala reveal transcriptomic signatures, spatial resolution and interactions of cells that constitute the memory engram, including crucial neuron–astrocyte interactions.

Machine learning can be used to identify subtypes of psychiatric disease. Here the authors identified two neurostructural subgroups in schizophrenia, each showing reproducibility and generalizability across different collection locations and illness stages, using the SuStain algorithm.

Pathologic oligomerization of hyper-phosphorylated Tau is a hallmark of tauopathies. Here the authors show that the loss of tubulin a4 polyglutamylation reverses tau hyperphosphorylation, oligomerization and microglia activation in a tauopathy mouse.

Here, the authors describe an early synziphosurine from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Shale of Morocco, which exhibits traits that elucidate the long-contentious relationships between crown euchelicerates and their sister taxa, and also clarifies euchelicerate body plan evolution.

Multi-omic time course experiments reveal intricate biology of salt stress response mechanisms of the historically and industrially relevant algae, Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX393.

The study of lattice vibrations coupled to electronic excitations may provide an avenue for exploring exotic physical phenomena. Here, Xuet al. observe a Fano resonance in the Weyl semimetal TaAs, revealing evidence for a strong coupling between phonons and Weyl fermions.

Here, the authors analyze the blood transcriptome of Kenyan children with severe malarial anemia and observe impaired immune responses and molecular activation of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species networks, providing insight into disease pathogenesis.

Most existing assemblers failed to generate high-quality phased assemblies using long noisy reads. Here, the authors present PECAT, a Phased Error Correction and Assembly Tool, for reconstructing diploid genomes from long noisy reads.

People may choose or be forced to relocate due to climate change. Here the authors show that urban residents in Vietnam and Kenya view climate conditions as a legitimate reason for migration from rural to urban areas, but environmental migrants are not seen as more deserving than economic migrants.

The mechanisms allowing early disseminated cancer cells colonize other tissues remain largely unknown. Here, authors show that GPRC5A axis drives esophageal squamous cell carcinoma lung seeding and metastasis, in a mechanism resembling trophoblast behavior during embryo implantation.

Photoelectron quantum-state tomography is demonstrated in helium and argon atoms upon the absorption of ultrashort, extreme ultraviolet light pulses. The purity and degree of entanglement of a mixed photoelectron and ion state are quantified following coherent two-photon ionization using an extreme ultraviolet pulse and two infrared pulses.

Diterpenes are an underestimated source of secondary organic aerosol, accounting for up to 13% of the secondary organic aerosol burden from isoprene, according to combined chamber experiments and chemical transport modelling.

A light-induced topological phase transition is realized in the Dirac semimetal ZrTe₅ by coherently driving symmetry-breaking phonons.

Middle-aged individuals are more susceptible to obesity, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that extracellular vesicles from adipose progenitor cells in middle-aged individuals lack miR-145-5p, driving inflammation, and that restoring miR-145-5p could prevent midlife obesity.

Human Treg cells are central to immune tolerance, yet their heterogeneity and differentiation remain incompletely understood. Here the authors perform single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing to resolve Treg cells from healthy individuals and patients with or without acute graft-versus-host disease revealing Treg complexity in health and disease.

Congenital scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by vertebral malformation. Here, the authors demonstrate that loss of dstyk leads to scoliosis in zebrafish due to dysregulated biogenesis of notochord vacuoles and that DSTYK is required for lysosome biogenesis through mTORC1 regulation.

The expansion of the white adipose tissue during obesity is accompanied by increased cellular stress, but factors that protect adipocytes from cell death are not well known. Here the authors report that the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ are activated in adipocytes during obesity, which increases adipocyte survival through the proapoptotic factor BIM.

Dendritic cells initiate and regulate adaptive immunity and differ according to gut anatomical location. Here the authors show that DC residing in the upper and lower intestines show differential PD-L1 and XCR1 expression and drive specific T cell responses to prevent gut inflammation.

Minimizing toxicity of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV) based tools for anterograde tracing is important for functional studies. Here the authors generate an anterograde monosynaptic tracer system based on HSV amplicon, which shows fast tracing, bright labeling, low toxicity, input-defined postsynaptic neurons’ anterograde monosynaptic tracing feature, and has potential for functional mapping.

Adipose tissue expansion occurs via enlargement of adipocytes as well as the generation of new fat cells, the latter being associated with more favorable metabolic outcomes. Here, the authors show that activation of adipocyte Piezo1 results in release of FGF1 and stimulates the differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

The mechanisms by which the brain milieu confers microglial development are not clear. Here, the authors show that the BAX-CaMKII-CREB-Notch signaling axis triggered by the neuronal milieu plays a role in early microglia maturation.

Plasma samples from 324 Black and 1,547 white participants underwent analysis with C2N Diagnostics’ Precivity AD test for Aβ42 and Aβ40. Compared to white individuals, Black individuals had higher average plasma Aβ42/40 levels at baseline, consistent with a lower average level of amyloid pathology.

The V1-V2 loops of the HIV envelope protein play an important role in HIV vaccine development. Here, Rahman et al. demonstrate in macaques that the efficacy of V1-deleted envelope vaccines, abrogated by oral delivery of control nanoparticles, is rescued by nanoparticles carrying V2 scaffold peptide strengthening the mucosal V2-specific response.

Intersectional adeno-associated viruses are important for neuroscience research but can be limited by complex and bulky design parameters. Hughes et al. present a unique and space-saving approach that simplifies toolkit development and provides expanded functionality.

Cassava is a major source of food in tropical and subtropical regions. Here the authors sequence the genomes of wild and domesticated cassava varieties and identify genes that have been selected for and against during the evolution and domestication of this economically important crop.

Sparse labelling and whole-brain imaging are used to reconstruct and classify brain-wide complete morphologies of 1,741 individual neurons in the mouse brain, revealing a dependence on both brain region and transcriptomic profile.

For monitoring hydrogen partial pressure, optical sensors have a particular safety advantage due to absence of wiring in operation area. Here authors show hysteresis-free, reproducible change in optical transmission in palladium-capped hafnium hydride films over six orders of magnitude in hydrogen partial pressure.

Synaptotagmin-1 and -7 are calcium sensors that distinctly drive vesicular exocytosis. Here, using wild-type proteins but manipulating the composition of the target membranes, the authors show that synaptotagmin-7 is unusually robust at penetrating membranes.

Restoring salivary acinar cells after gland damage is a major clinical challenge. Here, authors identify FGF7-FGFR2-MAPK signaling as a regenerative target, critical for myoepithelial-acinar crosstalk that regulates seromucous acinar differentiation.

Recently, rich condensed matter physics has emerged from the interplay between band topology and magnetic order. Here, the authors characterize the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlGe and find evidence for the role of Weyl fermions in stabilizing the magnetic order above the local transition temperature.

The development of adsorbents for extracting gold from solutions is desirable from an environmental and economical point of view. Here, the authors report two two-dimensional silver(I)‒organic frameworks that enable selective sensing and extraction of gold from aqueous solutions, including seawater and solutions of e-waste.

Species genomes are important for analyses of genetic variation. Wu et al. assembled a T2T genome of a male cashmere goat, including 288.5 Mb of previously unresolved regions, and identified selective variants and genes associated with domestication and cashmere traits.

Ultrahigh electromechanical response is accomplished by inducing extreme structural instability from competing antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders.

Climate warming causes earlier spring phenological events and higher risk of late spring frost damage. Here, the authors investigate the impact of late spring frosts on phenological events, finding that they delayed flowering by an average of 6 days across 640 species.

Transcriptome-wide m⁶A RNA methylation profile in 162 primary prostate tumors identifies m⁶A association with prognostic clinical features and disease aggression.

Next-generation proton exchange membrane electrolyzers rely on high-performance anodes. Here, the authors report a metal-oxide-based molecular self-assembly strategy toward a support-free iridium hydroxide catalyst for an advanced anode with low-iridium loading and enhanced mass transport.

Reduced fitness of the tumor microenvironment is mediated by a long non-coding RNA expressed in tumors.

Little is known about the genes that confer salt tolerance in trees. Here, Ma et al. report the genome sequence of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, and provide insight into the genetic architecture and adaptation of this salt tolerant desert poplar.

Tip-growing cells can find their growing path toward the source of attractive signals. Here, using experimental data and mathematical modeling, Luo et al. demonstrate that tip-localized exocytosis can integrate guidance cues with Rho GTPase signaling to control cell wall mechanics and direct tip growth in Arabidopsis pollen tubes.

Dissociative states in mouse and human brains are traced to low-frequency rhythmic neural activity—with distinct molecular, cellular and physiological properties—in the deep retrosplenial cortex and the posteromedial cortex.

Reconstructing the full shape of neurons is a major informatics challenge as it requires handling huge whole-brain imaging datasets. Here the authors present an open-source virtual reality annotation system for precise and efficient data production of neuronal shapes reconstructed from whole brains.

mBrainAligner is a cross-modal registration platform for whole mouse brains imaged with different modalities. In addition, a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography-based mouse brain atlas has been generated.

How the development of the cochlear epithelium is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors use single cell RNAseq analysis to provide insight into the transcriptional changes arising during development of the murine cochlear inner and outer hair cells.

Conventional transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) approaches predict genetically regulated gene expression at the tissue level. Here, the authors develop a framework for cell-type-aware TWAS that predicts cell-type level expression from genotype data and identifies disease-associated genes with cell-type-specific effects.

A number of costimulatory signals are critical to the activation and regulation of T cells, but how the availability or self-regulation of these occurs was previously unclear. Here the authors show a difference in the fate of ligands trogocytosed by CD28 or CTLA4 and link this to cellular control of costimulation.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease, and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin lesions plays a critical role in the progress of psoriasis. Here, the authors report the use of multienzyme-inspired biomimetic iron single-atom catalysts (FeN₄O₂-SACs) with broad-spectrum ROS-scavenging capability for psoriasis treatment and relapse prevention via related gene restoration.