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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

ZY19489 is a potent antimalarial candidate, which shows a low resistance liability, mediated by a fitness-compromising mutation in PfCRT that restores Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to the licensed drug piperaquine by blocking its efflux.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Using an evolutionary optimization approach, the authors report a culture medium that matures stem cell-derived heart cells, improving their structure, metabolism and electrical activity to advance highly functional models for in vitro testing.

This study identifies an FDA-approved leukemia drug, Homoharringtonine, that can eliminate aged fat cells, improve metabolic health, reduce inflammation and extend lifespan in mice, revealing a potential approach to treat age- and obesity-related metabolic disease.

Methyl groups play a vital role in pharmaceuticals, where their installation onto aryl and heteroaryl moieties of drug candidates can often enhance drug-target interactions. Here, the authors report the methylation of phenols (as tosylates) and aryl halides via a hydrazone-mediated Ni catalyzed cross-coupling reaction, employing formaldehyde hydrazone as the methyl reagent.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

KRAS G12C inhibitors have improved outcomes but mainly in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, despite it being a well-established oncogene in a range of cancer types. Here, the authors present a first-in-human phase I/II clinical trial investigating the next-generation KRAS G12C inhibitor, olomorasib, in KRAS G12C-mutant advanced solid tumors.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Erbium-based fiber lasers are widely used but hard to integrate on chips at an industrial scale. Here, authors demonstrate the first wafer-scale erbium-doped silicon-nitride waveguide lasers with broad C+L-band tunability, high output power, and fiber laser-class coherence.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Managing hydrocephalus relies on non-specific symptoms. Here, the authors report a 0.28-gram implant that measures intracranial pressure long term, tested in pediatric and adult patients.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Retrogressive thaw slumps are a key disturbance resulting from permafrost thaw that impact both vegetation and soil carbon. This study assesses surface greenness recovery times following thaw and shows that recovery can be predicted based on annual ecosystem gross primary productivity.

Natural variation in hecw-1 encoding an E3 ubiquitin ligase influences the avoidance of pathogenic bacteria by Caenorhabditis elegans and forms a molecular basis for behavioural variation.

Motor enzymes that translocate DNA are an essential element of nanopore sequencing. Here, authors use mutual information to quantify the sequence-dependence of helicase kinetics and show that such kinetics can be used to improve the sequencing accuracy of all standard DNA bases.

Plasma ctDNA testing for FGFR alterations in metastatic urothelial carcinoma shows high concordance with tissue testing and identifies additional patients with actionable alterations. Here, the authors show that clinical uptake of ctDNA FGFR testing can be combined with tissue-based approaches.

An analysis of whole-exome sequencing data linked to longitudinal electronic health records from 44,028 British South Asians finds new gene–phenotype associations and identifies 2,991 genes with rare biallelic predicted loss-of-function genotypes.

This study reveals that declining anthropogenic aerosols can amplify the weakening of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley circulation, highlighting the critical role of aerosol reductions in driving tropical circulation changes in the 21st century.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Lunar rocks, not subject to complex crustal dynamics, reveal evolutionary aspects of the Earth-Moon system. The authors find that lunar ilmenite (age: 3.78 Ga) can host excess titanium in a trivalent state due to redox conditions not found on Earth.

Here the authors report that intestinal interleukin-22 promotes GLP-1 production through STAT3 signaling in male mice. This mechanism improves glucose regulation in diet-induced obesity and provides insight into the role of IL-22–GLP-1 signaling in metabolic regulation.

In a real-world cohort of 888 patients with solid cancers receiving whole-genome sequencing profiling, actionable biomarkers were identified in 73% of patients, and targeted therapies were associated with clinical benefit in patients without prior systemic therapy.

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

Prodrug ionizable lipid nanoparticles co-delivering an effector T cell stimulant and a T cell exhaustion inhibitor eliminate primary and distal tumours, offering a potent strategy for combination cancer immunotherapy.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

A chip-less, self-powered electronic patch uses friction-induced electromagnetic waves to achieve wearable motion sensing and long-range wireless communication.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

A KIM-1–AIM interaction promotes clearance of cellular debris in renal tubules after acute kidney injury to improve disease outcome.

In this study, Agathos et al. examine alterations in thalamocortical network connectivity during cognitive restructuring of negative cognitions in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, using ultrahigh-field 7-T functional MRI and dynamic causal modeling.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The application of phage therapy for multidrug-resistant infections is mainly limited to personalized therapy due to the narrow host range of individual phages. Here, Kim et al. identify groups of phages that use non-redundant receptors, and present a blueprint for the development of effective, broad-spectrum phage-antibiotic combinations.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

SeeDB-Live is a tissue-clearing approach for live samples such as tissue slices or the in vivo brain. It improves image quality while having minimal effects on electrophysiological properties of neurons.

The Akt-mTOR axis influences cell activation, differentiation and metabolism. Jordan and colleagues show that thymic and inducible T_H17 cells exhibit different requirements for mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as Akt isoforms.

Annotating regulatory elements in domestic animal genomes is important to understand the mechanisms underlying gene regulation. Here, the authors use multi-omics data from sheep to map regulatory elements in the sheep genome.

Bistable superlattice switching between two lattice configurations with sharply contrasting periodicities has been observed in monolayer TaIrTe₄, a dual quantum spin Hall insulator.

This study shows that biomarker prediction accuracy from whole-slide images can reflect confounding by codependent biomarkers and correlated variables, suggesting that models may not learn the intended biology and may face challenges in clinical translation.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Kim et al. discovered an emergent giant topological Hall effect via twisting vdW magnet Fe₃GeTe₂ at a magic twist angle, at low temperature, and in the thin limit, providing evidence of skyrmion phases induced by local inversion symmetry breaking.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Chimaeric antigen receptor macrophages including the MyD88 activation domain target mesothelin for treatment of lung cancer brain metastases.

Endosomal escape of lipid nanoparticles is quantified and optimized in vivo.