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A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

In a kagome superconductor, sublattice degrees of freedom are shown to govern a distinct density wave phase featuring chiral textures and symmetry properties that align with one of the fundamental frieze symmetry groups.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Analyses of leukocyte telomere length in All of Us identify associations with various lifestyle, socioeconomic and disease traits. Genome-wide analyses combining All of Us with UK Biobank data discover new loci contributing to telomere length variation.

Mower, Wan et al. introduce ROS-LLM, an open-source system that lets non-experts control robots with natural language, learn new skills from demonstrations and feedback, and automatically tune actions for reliable performance in real-world tasks.

Clostridium perfringens lacking perfringolysin O toxin isolated from preterm infants metabolizes human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose to produce metabolites that promote the growth of commensal bifidobacteria, inhibit pathogens and suppress inflammation in an organoid model.

Chica et al. combined genetic network mapping, time-resolved imaging and deep learning to generate a dataset called AutoDRY that describes multilayered control of autophagy and uncovers new regulatory pathways.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

ProtAIDe-Dx is a deep joint-learning model that uses plasma proteomics to provide simultaneous probabilistic diagnoses across six conditions associated with aging.

Kelly et al. assessed an artificial intelligence system for breast cancer screening in retrospective datasets, followed by prospective feasibility evaluation, and report its accuracy, fairness and clinical implementation in multiple workflow settings.

Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may develop peritoneal metastases (PM), but information on the immune niche is still lacking. Here, the authors analyze primary tumor and metastasis samples to reveal a skewed innate lymphoid cell balance marked by an increase in ILC1/tissue-resident NK cells.

A synthetic genetic circuit made up of recombinase-based cell-fate branching devices enables precise control over the ratios of cell types in an offspring population derived from one founder strain, and could be used to build user-defined multicellular aggregates.

Floquet engineering is emerging as a tool to control quantum materials. Here it is applied using non-resonant optical fields to coherently dress Hubbard excitons in Sr₂CuO₃, driving wavefunction rotations between bright and dark states.

Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.

In-flight observations show that the use of lean-burn combustion succeeds in reducing soot emissions from aircraft—yet contrail ice crystals still form and nucleate on volatile particles.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

The first-in-human clinical trial of the LRRK2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide BIIB094 in Parkinson’s disease demonstrates that the treatment is well tolerated and produces dose-dependent reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of LRRK2 and phosphorylated Rab10, indicating successful target engagement.

Genome-wide analysis shows European dogs existed by 14,200 years ago, were already genetically distinct, received less Neolithic Southwest Asian admixture than humans did and contributed substantially to later European dogs.

Analyses of large-scale, multitaxa and long-term thermophilization patterns in forests, grasslands and alpine summits across Europe provide insight into shifts in community composition among different ecosystems in a warming world.

A study of condensates that mimic biological ones within a reconstituted cytoskeleton reveals the mechanisms underlying the coarsening of the condensate.

Liang et al. estimate the prevalence of text modified by large language models in recent scientific papers and preprints, finding widespread use (up to 17.5% of papers in computer science).

Manipulating chemical interactions is crucial in protein assembly. Here, the authors highlight the importance of accounting for solvent forces mediated by interfacial hydration structures when designing protein assemblies at liquid-crystal interfaces.

Insights into the mechanism by which phosphatidylserine functions as a non-classical inhibitory molecule during T cell exhaustion, and how phosphatidylserine-targeting antibodies enhance T cell responses are explored.

A pangenome reference for the phenotypically diverse crop sorghum aims to help accelerate future efforts to breed crops that are better adapted to changing environments.

Engineered RNA domains that can adopt two- and fourfold symmetry are shown to be effective scaffolds for structure determination for RNAs otherwise too small for cryoEM.

Hoffmann et al. show that the glycolytic intermediate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which accumulates in the absence of aldolase, regulates focal adhesions by relieving RCC2-mediated Rac1 inhibition.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

A deep-learning approach applied to routine CT scans is used to quantify the health of the thymus in a cohort of patients with cancer, and shows that thymic function is associated with immunotherapy outcomes.

The production of high-value chemicals can involve energy-intensive processes, necessitating sustainable production strategies. Here the authors present a circular bioeconomy approach, upcycling plastic waste through microbial conversion into levodopa, a medicine for Parkinson’s disease.

Dynamic S–S bonds have been leveraged in a variety of applications. Now trisulfides have been found to undergo rapid and spontaneous S–S metathesis in polar aprotic solvents. A mechanistic investigation of this unusual reaction enabled applications in natural product modification, dynamic combinatorial library synthesis and chemically recyclable polymers.

Massively parallel reporter assays across five cell types identify thousands of causal, noncoding regulatory variants among 220,000 loci, revealing diverse regulatory mechanisms shaping complex traits and disease.

Actin-binding proteins form condensates that dynamically organize actin filaments. Here, the authors show that mechanochemical feedback between droplet mechanics and crosslinker multivalency tunes actin network structure and drives droplet deformation.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

Baum et al. present a synthesis of field data, remote-sensed data, media reports and process-based modelling analyses examining the effects of the 2021 heatwave in western North America for 32 terrestrial and marine taxa as well as gross primary productivity, streamflow and wildfire activity.

Warren et al. used data from a retrospective cohort of 50,000 women attending breast screening. Arbitration between human and AI decisions was performed in a reader study following normal arbitration workflow. After arbitration, replacing the second human reader with AI in a double-read breast screening workflow was noninferior to two human readers.

Using artificial neural networks applied to human data, Eckstein et al. show that good models of reinforcement learning require memory components that track representations of the past.

HORMAD1 expression is typically restricted to germline cells where it has an important role in meiotic recombination but has been shown to be upregulated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors report that aberrant HORMAD1 expression weakens the spindle assembly checkpoint, driving sensitivity to AURORA kinase inhibition.

A widespread bacterial defence system called SNIPE is shown to localize to the cell membrane, where it identifies and cleaves the DNA of infecting phage as it is injected into the bacterial cell.

An online experiment compared 12 brief online interventions for depression. Most improved mental health immediately, but these gains decreased over time, with only two interventions significantly reducing depression 4 weeks later.

Improved red and green indicators for norepinephrine and their characterization are reported. These indicators allow detection of norepinephrine release in awake behaving mice in dual-color fiber photometry and two-photon imaging applications.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Radiation reaction (RR) on particles in strong fields is the subject of intense experimental research, but previous efforts lacked statistical significance due to the extreme regimes required. Here, the authors report a 5σ observation of RR and obtain strong, quantitative evidence favouring quantum models over classical, using an all-optical setup where electrons are accelerated by a laser in a gas jet before colliding with a second, intense pulse.

Birds are iconic and valued users of urban parks. An assessment of 935 parks across 186 US cities shows that a range of park features across multiple parks are needed to broadly support avian diversity and that the regional and seasonal effects of tree canopy cover are especially important.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

A fusion protein designed to comprise IL-2 and a helminth-derived TGFβ mimic activates IL-2 and TGFβ signalling pathways in IL-2 receptor-expressing T cells and induces stable antigen-specific regulatory T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs.

N input and warming alter plant traits and mycorrhizal communities, reducing belowground C inputs and stable soil organic C while accelerating decomposition, highlighting root–mycorrhizal interactions as key regulators of soil C under global change.