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A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

In a kagome superconductor, sublattice degrees of freedom are shown to govern a distinct density wave phase featuring chiral textures and symmetry properties that align with one of the fundamental frieze symmetry groups.

Not only the area of Néel skyrmions, but also their number and sign contribute to their Hall resistivity.

The authors provide experimental evidence that Eu substitution in the spacer layer of Nd_1-xEu_xNiO₂ thin films enhances the superconducting gap, driving the system toward a strong-coupling regime. The Eu substitution also introduces exchange coupling between Eu 4f magnetic moments and Ni 3d_x²−y² electrons, leading to magnetic-field-enhanced “re-entrant” superconductivity.

Clostridium perfringens lacking perfringolysin O toxin isolated from preterm infants metabolizes human milk oligosaccharide disialyllacto-N-tetraose to produce metabolites that promote the growth of commensal bifidobacteria, inhibit pathogens and suppress inflammation in an organoid model.

Kondo systems offer a rich platform to study the interplay between strong correlations and topology. Here the authors observe a large anomalous Hall conductivity in a Kondo ferromagnet USbTe, which they attribute to the Berry curvature originating from flat bands induced by the Kondo hybridization.

Floquet engineering is emerging as a tool to control quantum materials. Here it is applied using non-resonant optical fields to coherently dress Hubbard excitons in Sr₂CuO₃, driving wavefunction rotations between bright and dark states.

Magnetic skyrmions are promising objects for future spintronic devices. However, a better understanding of their dynamics is required. Here, the authors show that in contrast to predictions the skyrmion Hall angle is independent of their diameter and motion is dominated by disorder and skyrmion-skyrmion interactions in the system.

An electrothermal fluorination methodology has been developed to transform granular activated carbon-sorbed aqueous film-forming foam waste into graphene and a fluorinating reagent, subsequently enabling lithium recovery from brine sources.

Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 2b (PvRBP2b) is important for invasion of reticulocytes and PvRBP2b antibodies correlate with protection. Here, Chan et al. isolate and characterize anti-PvRBP2b human monoclonal antibodies and describe mechanisms by which these antibodies inhibit invasion.

Twisted double bilayer graphene (tDBG) comprises two Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene sheets with a twist between them. Here, the authors report a strong anomalous Hall effect in the correlated-metal regime of tDBG, indicating time reversal symmetry breaking from orbital ferromagnetism, likely associated with valley polarization.

Pseudaminic acids (Pse) are a family of carbohydrates found within bacterial lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Now, monoclonal antibodies have been developed that recognize diverse Pse across several bacterial species, enabling mapping of the Pse glycoproteome and demonstrating therapeutic potential against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii in in vitro and in vivo infection models.

Using artificial neural networks applied to human data, Eckstein et al. show that good models of reinforcement learning require memory components that track representations of the past.

Hall measurements in nonuniform magnetic materials can exhibit puzzling anomalies that resemble topological effects. Using homogenization theory, we show that the measured anomalous Hall conductivity is always bounded by its local values, revealing how inhomogeneity alone can produce such anomalous signals.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

Quantum spin Hall edge states are protected by time-reversal symmetry and are expected to disappear in a strong magnetic field. Here, the authors use microwave impedance microscopy and find, surprisingly, edge conduction in mercury telluride quantum wells that survives up to 9 T with little change.

The interfaces between complex oxides can play host to a range of interesting electronic phenomena. Xieet al. demonstrate that the electronic properties at the LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃interface can be tuned upon application of common polar solvents such as acetone, ethanol and water.

CD44 expressed by fibroblastic reticular cells in secondary lymphoid organs regulates trafficking of dendritic cells, and thus has an essential role in the priming of T cells and the adaptive immune response.

Turley, Buechler and colleagues show that dermatopontin-expressing fibroblasts provide CSF1 to form a supportive niche for skin-resident macrophages. This interaction is important for skin tissue architecture and wound healing.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Oxide heterostructures are attractive for their tuneable properties such as magnetism. Here, the authors find that SrTiO₃/SmTiO₃heterostructures with very high sheet carrier densities show quantum critical behaviour, sensitive also to variations in layer thickness.

Magnetic oscillators with easy plane magnetic anisotropy hold promise for spintronic applications as nanoscale microwave generators, sources of spin supercurrents and ultrafast spiking neurons. The authors report the experimental realization of an easy-plane ferromagnetic spin-Hall oscillator, where the magnetization exhibits persistent auto-oscillations with a very large precession cone angle.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

A single-cell epigenomic atlas of human immune cells highlights cell-type-specific features associated with genetic or environmental exposures.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Previous investigations of Floquet states in solid state samples have been mostly based on ultrafast light excitations. Here, the authors report evidence of non-equilibrium steady states in graphene under continuous-wave mid-infrared irradiation, consistent with a long-lived Floquet phase physical picture.

Assessment of surface contamination shows that trace oxygen is a key factor influencing the trajectory and quality of graphene grown by low-pressure chemical vapour deposition, with oxygen-free synthesis showing increased reproducibility and quality.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Magnetic scattering may profoundly modify the electronic properties of a topological insulator. Here, Nam et al. report a method enabling separation of the effects of magnetic and non-magnetic scattering by decorating the surface of topological insulators with molecules.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Similarities in cancers can be studied to interrogate their etiology. Here, the authors use genome-wide association study summary statistics from six cancer types based on 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, showing that solid tumours arising from different tissues share a degree of common germline genetic basis.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.