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Strong paramagnetism is generated in hydrogels rich in carbon–oxygen double bonds simply by coupling with diamagnetic Ca cations. These paramagnetic hydrogels are applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and magnetic drug carriers.

The fluorooxoborate crystal NH₄B₄O₆F shows promise as a nonlinear optical material for vacuum ultraviolet light sources through second-harmonic generation, demonstrating record output energy and efficiency resulting from optimized arrangements of fluorine-based units creating asymmetric sublattices.

By integrating NMR and cryo-EM, this study resolves how the bacterial flagellar filament assembles despite a symmetry mismatch, revealing that ultra-weak interactions and a rotary cap mediated mechanism enable processive elongation.

Natural variation of the F-box protein ZmFBL41 in maize confers resistance to Rhizoctonia solani, the causal fungus for banded leaf and sheath blight in maize, through decreased interaction of ZmFBL41 with the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase ZmCAD.

Astilbe chinensis is a perennial ornamental and medicinal plant in the Saxifragaceae family. Here, the authors report chromosome level genome assembly of this species and reveal the origin and evolution of a terpene biosynthetic gene cluster.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells often suffer from phase segregation under continuous illumination. Here, authors combine light soaking with small-molecule surface passivation to suppress halide segregation, achieving efficiency of 28.64% in stable two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Blue QD-LEDs suffer from poor operational stability due to the carrier accumulation at transport layers. Here, the authors propose a strategy to mitigate the hole accumulation driven oxidation in hole transport layer, effectively elongating the operational lifetime of blue QD-LEDs.

Lithium doping in spiro-OMeTAD negatively affects the long-term performance of perovskite solar cells. Qin and team map the degradation mechanism under repeated voltage cycling and how lithium-free dopants improve stability.

Intracellular detection of viral invasion triggers activation of the transcription factor IRF3 and antiviral interferon production. Fangfang Zhou and colleagues report that the transcription regulator YAP in the host restrains this process by preventing inadvertent spontaneous dimerization of IRF3 and its translocation to the nucleus.

Two impact-melt fragments in Chang’e-6 lunar soils reveal that the Apollo basin was formed at ~4.16 Ga, implying a non-cataclysmic late heavy bombardment on the Moon between 3.8 and 4.0 Ga.

Thinopyrum intermedium and Roegneria kamoji are wheat relatives commonly used in distant hybridization breeding program. Here, the authors report the genome assemblies of the two species and reveal their phylogenetic relationship and genome compositions.

The modifying effect of chronological age showed that vascular aging categories in middle-aged participants have stronger predictive ability for the risk of cardiovascular events than that in older participants. MACE, a composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and cardiovascular mortality; normal VA, normal vascular aging; EVA, early vascular aging; SUPERNOVA, supernormal vascular aging.

Wang, Wang, Pan and colleagues uncover a C864–C869 disulfide linkage stimulated by viral RNA that drives RIG-I activation, phase separation and stimulates downstream innate immune signalling.

Ionizable lipids containing albumin-binding motifs are used in lipid-nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines, facilitating lymph node enrichment and dendritic cell internalization to potentiate their efficacy and avoiding liver accumulation.

Depression has been recently linked to the visual cortex. Here, the authors identify a glutamatergic primary visual corticallateral posterior thalamic nucleus circuit and its key regulator, Gγ4, as modulators of depressive-like behaviors in male mice.

MAPK cascades activate innate immunity to defend against various pathogens. Here the authors show that Nicotiana benthamiana NbMPK3/6 can phosphorylate the tomato chlorosis virus P7 protein leading to suppression of callose-dependent antiviral defence.

Effectors secreted by plant pathogens subvert host immunity. Here the authors use a structural approach to design a small molecule that can disrupt the interaction between a fungal effector and its target in rice, and could be used as a novel fungicide.

Different environmental stressors induce different subtypes of stress granules (SGs), and each of them presumably have distinct functions. Here the authors provide a framework for understanding the compositional and functional heterogeneity of SGs, and see that TRIM25 mainly associates with anti-viral SGs.

Min Deng, Kai Wang and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Han Chinese population. They identify two new risk loci at 1q32 and 22p11.

Here the authors show that PIAS3/SENP1-mediated poly-SUMOylation of MAVS regulates its interaction with IRF3, whose SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) guides binding to SUMOylated MAVS. IRF3 phosphorylation, close to its SIM, dismantles SUMO-dependent aggregates and releases activated IRF3.

Qu et al. present a detailed three-dimensional spatial transcriptome atlas of all major organs in the mouse embryo at E13.5, providing a better understanding of organ development and cellular interactions during mammalian development.

Obesity predisposes to type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms of obesity-associated β cell dysfunction are incompletely understood. Here the authors report that obesity increases the levels of miR-802, which impairs insulin transcription and secretion by targeting NeuroD1 and Fzd5.

Thin films of a single-crystal dielectric—antimony oxide—can be epitaxially grown at wafer scales on graphene-covered copper surfaces and then used to transfer dielectric/graphene stacks, or be integrated as a two-dimensional dielectric onto other materials.

The 53BP1 protein is well-known for its involvement in double-strand break (DSB) repair. Here the authors show 53BP1 undergoes significant liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to play a role in heterochromatin maintenance and identify distinct domains/residues that function in DSB repair versus LLPS.

Nicotine exacerbates MASH by disrupting gut microbiota and impairing intestinal barrier integrity via HIF-1α suppression, while probiotic supplementation mitigates nicotine-induced liver injury

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Pancreatic β-cell compensation is a major mechanism in delaying T2DM progression. Here, the authors show that circGlis3 levels are affected by QKI and FUS expression, and that increasing circGlis3 lengthens β-cell compensation via enhancing insulin secretion and reducing apoptosis.

The heart is formed from several spatiotemporally distinct progenitor pools during development. Here they show that modulation of retinoic acid signaling can instruct human pluripotent stems cells into heart progenitors that are useful for studying human development and disease.

Approaches to treat inflammatory bowel disease with probiotics or artificial enzymes have advantages and limitations. Here we combine the advantages to overcome the individual limitations by modifying probiotics with artificial enzymes and demonstrate application in treating inflammatory bowel disease.

The authors report on a 2D anion-rich NaCl₂ crystal with a Na:Cl ratio of approximately 1:2, which exhibits room-temperature ferromagnetism originating from the spin polarization of electrons in the Cl elements of these crystals.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) are approved to treat iron deficiency and have been reported to reduce leukaemia in preclinical models. Here, the authors show that carboxymethyl dextran-coated IONP, but not other types of surface coating, activate the complement alternative pathway, enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and adaptive immunity to reduce leukaemia burden in mouse models.

Solid-state thermoelectrics can convert waste heat to electrical energy, but applications are hindered by long-term stability issues. Here cobalt is used as a contact layer with direct bonding to thermoelectric MgAgSb, enabling a thermoelectric module to achieve 10.2% conversion efficiency over 1,440 h of thermal cycling.

Resistance to stress is vital for survival. Here the authors identify a group of anxiolytic NPY(NPY^DRN/vlPAG) neurons that alleviate stress-induced hypophagia and anxiety, revealing a feedforward inhibition mechanism underlying stress resistance.

Quan et al. show that warming-induced changes in plant community height in a cold, high-elevation region enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration, emphasizing the importance of plant traits in shaping the carbon cycle under climate change.