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Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

Biallelic variants in RNU4-2 cause a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder that is phenotypically and molecularly distinct from dominant ReNU syndrome and associated with reduced RNU4-2 transcript levels, consistent with a loss-of-function mechanism.

Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

If a surface is hot enough, a liquid droplet can develop an insulating vapour layer that makes it levitate above the surface, which is known as the Leidenfrost effect. A solid structure of liquid-filled capillaries is now shown to display this levitating effect at much lower temperatures.

Aberrant signaling pathway activation is a key driver of tumorigenesis. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors unravel how EGFR-Ras and Hedgehog signaling promote distinct steps of tumor progression in a Drosophila ovarian tumor model.

A deep-tissue light source made from mechanoluminescent transducers stimulated by focused ultrasound enables wide imaging of live animal vasculature, and modulation of neuronal activity and behaviour.

The authors observe strong coupling between valley excitons in a monolayer WS2 and intrinsically chiral photons shaped by a metasurface. The polaritons display enhanced chiral emission with their spin configuration controlled by the light source.

Little is known about the ecology and evolution of the nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii outside the hospital. Here, Wilharm et al. show that the lifestyle of A. baumannii includes soil-dwelling and airborne dissemination, which helps to explain its adaptability and predisposition to establish within hospitals.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Authors measured eleven key antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in U.S. wastewater to gauge population‑level resistance. Results showed regional differences and links between higher ARG levels, social vulnerability indicators and international travel.

In this study, the authors present optimization and efficacy testing of apolipoprotein-based lipid nanoparticles for delivering various nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo to immune cells and their progenitors in the bone marrow.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

In a phase 1b trial, patients with treatment-naive metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma received the CD73 inhibitor quemliclustat plus gemcitabine and nabpaclitaxel with or without the anti-PD1 antibody zimberelimab, showing encouraging clinical response rates and survival in quemliclustat-treated patients.

Two-dimensional (2D) metal halide perovskites exhibit efficient photoinduced emission at room temperature, but control over charge carrier transport remains limited. Here formamidinium-based layered 2D perovskites are developed with high predicted symmetry. The absence of octahedral distortion results in an exciton diffusion length of 2.5 µm.

Saturation genome editing of RNU4-2 identifies the functional and clinical impact of variants across the entire gene and delineates variants that cause a new recessive neurodevelopmental disorder distinct from ReNU syndrome.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

A high-resolution spectroscopic analysis reveals ultralow amounts of heavy elements in the star SDSS J0715−7334. The star originates from the Large Magellanic Cloud and probably formed directly after the first stars through dust cooling.

Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 continue to evolve 6 to 12 months after infection in patients who have recovered from COVID-19, increasing in potency and breadth with time.

The total sediment flux from land to the ocean across the pan-Arctic has risen by 15% since 1980, driven by greater river discharge, intensified thermokarst disturbances and wildfire activity, according to machine learning and satellite-based reconstructions of suspended sediment dynamics in 4,331 river reaches.

The relationship between the driving force for electron transfer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials and their performance has been challenging to understand. Now, it has been shown that the driving force controls the charge-transfer distance at the donor–acceptor interface, a finding that supports a model where raising the dielectric constant will be the most effective way to improve OPV efficiencies.

At Jupiter, isolated auroral patches have long been linked to particle injections from the magnetosphere. Here, the authors show that plasma waves can also scatter electrons into the atmosphere, triggering precipitation and producing aurora.

XRISM spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy indicates elemental abundances suggestive of a dominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae with progenitors below 20 solar masses; more massive stars may directly collapse into black holes.

Microscopic imaging and biochemical studies show that sinuses in mouse and human form a highly dynamic surface that regulates fluid movement and immune cell surveillance via RAMP1-dependent regulation of smooth muscle contraction and RAMP2-dependent regulation of the sinus endothelial barrier.

While auxin typically inhibits root cell growth, elevated temperatures reconfigure the auxin transcriptional pathway to promote elongation. This study reveals how plants reprogram core hormonal signalling to adjust their internal biology to rising temperatures.

Catabolism of extracellular glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferases supports tumour growth and survival, and pharmacological targeting of these enzymes slows tumour growth.

This study comprehensively maps neuropeptide systems in the human brain to elucidate their organizational principles and shows how neuropeptide architecture is linked to behavior and evolution.

Element-element bonded multiply charged cationic species are well known as dimers or small cyclic oligomers in the condensed phase but the smallest acyclic version, a trinuclear unit possessing greater than a monocationic charge, has remained elusive. Here the authors report a bis(phosphine) supported low valent triantimony-based tricationic compound.

When senescent cells accumulate during adulthood they negatively influence lifespan and promote age-dependent changes in several organs; clearance of these cells delayed tumorigenesis in mice and attenuated age-related deterioration of several organs without overt side effects, suggesting that the therapeutic removal of senescent cells may be able to extend healthy lifespan.

Here, the authors report metabolic activation as a potential antimicrobial strategy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. They show that supra-physiological activation of L-histidine biosynthesis reduces bacterial growth and causes loss of fitness due to nutrient and energy depletion.

Here, Wulczynski et al. find fewer small-intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in CeD patients, independent of the gluten-free diet, while inulin-supplemented diet in gluten-sensitized mice facilitates microbial saccharolytic function and SCFAs, accelerating mucosal healing in the small intestine.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

Analysis of neuroimaging datasets across five major psychedelics revealed a shared brain signature and provides a comprehensive insight into how these drugs reorganize brain architecture.

A study investigating the emergence of squamous tumours in the upper gastrointestinal tract of the mouse shows that an initial tumour stress response triggers fibroblasts to remodel the underlying stroma, creating a fibronectin-rich precancerous niche that supports tumour survival.

Toker et al. present an AI framework that identifies mechanisms of consciousness. The model predicts new drivers of unconsciousness and identifies subthalamic nucleus stimulation as a potential therapy for disorders of consciousness.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal human disease driven by the accumulation of apoptosis-resistant fibroblasts that impede homeostatic lung repair. Here, the authors show that elevated BCL-2 expression in fibroblasts drives their survival and senescence prolonging fibrosis in mice, while BCL-2 inhibition reverses persistent fibrosis.

Epigenetic programming of myeloid and CD4⁺ T cells promotes decay of the SIV reservoir in rhesus macaques and a similar molecular pathway is found in HIV elite controllers.

Benralizumab (an anti-IL-5 receptor α antibody), compared to placebo, significantly reduced the risk of first flare in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome.

The on-surface synthesis of π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enables the realization of designer quantum nanomaterials. Orbital-phase frustration within an aza-triangulene COF-based kagome lattice is reported to give rise to non-trivial flat bands.

The accumulation of phosphoinositides at the lysosomal surface is shown to enhance RagGTPase–mTORC1 activity, which affects skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Inhibition of this signalling pathway improves muscle physiology in a mouse myopathy model.