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Doxycycline has been recommended as post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention of bacterial sexually-transmitted diseases. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to investigate the potential disease, antimicrobial resistance, and economic implications of this intervention in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Australia.

This work describes a Pd−B diatomic catalyst that can selectively catalyze the photosynthesis of glycine via C−N coupling reaction between PET-derived ethylene glycol and nitrate, achieving a yield of 2.9 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ and selectivity of 92%.

Cystine levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumour microenvironment are deficient, despite its crucial role for cancer cell maintenance. Here, the authors show that adaptation to cystine limitation stress promotes PDAC growth through induces metabolic reprogramming to promote PDAC tumor growth, while conferring a vulnerability in lipid metabolism targetable by lomitapide.

CRISPR-Cas12a diagnostics are limited by strict PAM requirements. Here, authors show that higher temperatures activate numerous noncanonical PAMs, enabling a versatile one-pot platform that improves sensitivity, specificity, and rapid on-site pathogen detection.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A Dirac-vortex topological photonic crystal fiber is experimentally realized with broadband single polarization single-mode properties.

Stone tools illustrate behavioural complexities in Middle Pleistocene hominin populations. Here, the authors present small dimensional flakes and hafted tools from Xigou, central China, dated to ~160–72 thousand years ago that demonstrate early, complex technological advancements.

A virus-mimicking micelle selectively delivers drugs to diseased chondrocytes in osteoarthritis, significantly alleviating disease progression in mouse and sheep models.

He, Wang, Shen, Dong and colleagues find that unsaturated fatty acids enriched in a black rice diet inhibit amyloid pathology, rescue cognition and restore physiological lifespan in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease via allosteric activation of GPR120.

Sihan Tan and colleagues report an AI agent capable of process simulation, optimization, carbon emission accounting, and decarbonization intervention evaluation. This progress facilitates high-resolution carbon emission models of the industry.

The current unbalance between the performance of n-type and p-type 2D transistors limits their applications for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the realization of high-performance 2D MoTe₂ p-type transistors by depositing metallic tellurium contacts via thermal evaporation.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with limited risk stratification. Here, the authors perform multi-omic analysis of MTC samples from 452 patients across 10 Chinese clinical centers, identify molecular subtypes and develop a prediction model.

A single-strand deaminase-assisted platform simultaneously rewrites multiple bases within a single RNA transcript.

Molecular organometallic catalysts typically struggle to activate only one of two identical C–H bonds in arenes for mono-selective C–H activation. Now mono-selectivity has been achieved for Pd(II)-catalysed ortho- or meta-C–H activations using commercial proteins or designed peptides as ligands.

Here, the authors identify a methane-consuming human gut bacterium, Methylocystis intestini, showing it can affect digestion and fat metabolism by regulating gut methane levels, revealing a natural gut microbial potential mechanism helping maintain healthy gut function and balance.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Diabetes, a frequent co-morbidity to osteoarthritis, accelerates progression of joint inflammation. Here author show that hyperglycaemia enhances glycolysis in synovial macrophages, leading to increased lactylation of CD11b, which impairs the capacity of macrophages to phagocytose apoptotic cells, which eventually aggravates inflammation.

Nanoclusters have precise structures and therefore offer a molecular-level approach for studying surface adsorption phenomena. Here, spherical aluminium oxo clusters are synthesized via a co-encapsulation strategy to examine the inclusion of various guest molecules. This model paves the way for rapid recognition of organic molecules by nanoparticle surfaces.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Staphylococcus aureus can aggregate within human synovial fluid and lead to joint infections. Here, the authors reveal that the fatty acid kinase system and its downstream saeRS regulator control S. aureus aggregation within synovial fluid.

Vitamin B2 metabolism is important for essential biological processes, such as protection against oxidative damage and facilitating the immune response. Here authors show that contrary to its protective role in other contexts, upregulated Vitamin B2 metabolism via flavin adenine dinucleotide synthase propels the growth of tumour cells in hepatocellular cancer, while suppressing the anti-tumour CD8⁺ T cell response.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Semi-metallic single crystals of antimony can be deposited using molecular beam epitaxy on molybdenum disulfide to create ohmic contacts with resistance of under 100 Ω µm at a contact length of 18 nm.

Accurate all-atom structure prediction is essential for biology and medicine, yet systematic benchmarks remain limited. Here, authors introduce FoldBench, a dataset of 1,522 targets across nine tasks, mapping strengths and challenges across diverse biomolecular interactions.

Moiré structures often exhibit long-range order. Here, the authors use scanning tunneling microscopy to identify an incommensurate moiré structure with a short-range-ordered charge density modulation.

In this study, authors evaluate mass tuberculosis (TB) screening data from 183,808 elderly individuals in China, finding that abnormal chest X-rays significantly increase TB risk.

Many premalignant colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis arise polyclonally rather than from a single mutated cell, showing diverse early evolutionary trajectories that frequently occur without clonal APC or KRAS driver events.

The authors show that genetic and dietary factors reshape the microbiome and influence gut microbiome–bile acid crosstalk. They also identify potential modulators and offer insights into microbiome–host communication.

The mechanisms underlying fibroblast-like synoviocyte senescence and its impact on osteoarthritis progression are unclear. Here, the authors show that GATD3A deficiency induces fibroblast-like synoviocyte senescence in mice and demonstrate that targeting GATD3A alleviates symptoms in mouse models of osteoarthritis.

Acetate accumulation and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells is driven by a metabolic interaction involving HCC-derived lactate and acetate secretion from tumour-associated macrophages.

Pseudorotaxane dethreading offers a means to regulate motion in artificial molecular machines but achieving predictable and programmable control over dethreading kinetics remains challenging. Here, the authors report systematic modulation of dethreading behaviour through component engineering of a pseudorotaxane platform.

The synthesis of isoreticular (3,12,24)-connected uru metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported by the assembly of 12-connected cuboctahedral and 24-connected rhombicuboctahedral supermolecular building blocks. The resulting uru-MOF-1 is a promising candidate for low-temperature methane storage.

Porous graphene membranes are highly attractive for carbon capture. Here, the authors present a scalable room-temperature method to create ångström-sized pores in graphene, enabling efficient CO2 capture membranes with attractive performance.

Allylic alcohols and ethers are key functional motifs widely found in various bioactive molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. Here, the authors report the synthesis of (E)-allyl ethers from internal alkenes and alcohols or phenols via copper catalyzed selective allylic C–H oxidation.

This work demonstrates a monolithically integrated VCSEL with an embedded passive cavity, achieving an ultranarrow ~1 MHz linewidth and enabling high-stability chip-scale atomic clocks.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

A soft mesh microelectrode array can seamlessly integrate in developing brains, enabling long-term, stable mapping of how single-neuron activity and population dynamics emerge and evolve during brain development.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.