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Neonatal sepsis caused by Escherichia coli is associated with reduced transfer of pathogen-specific maternal antibodies and, in a mouse model, can be prevented by maternal preconceptual colonization with probiotic E. coli.

The acetyl-CoA pathway is the most ancient CO₂ fixation pathway in nature. Here, the authors show that metals selectively reduce CO₂ to the intermediates and end-products of the acetyl-CoA pathway, which is consistent with a prebiotic origin of this pathway.

The transcription factor ATF4 is shown to regulate double-stranded DNA repair within vulnerable CUX2⁺ upper-layer 2/3 cortical neurons, enabling their survival during development.

JWST phase-curve observations reveal that the two innermost TRAPPIST-1 planets emit thermal radiation consistent with bare rocky surfaces, indicating that both lack thick atmospheres.

To dissect lncRNA functions in aging, here the authors perform a CRISPRi-based single-nucleus multiomics screen systematically perturbing 32 aging- and senescence-associated lncRNAs and measuring matched changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility. They pinpoint a role for HOTAIRM1 linked to DNA repair-related gene control and show that replenishing HOTAIRM1 in mouse lungs reduces fibrosis.

Researchers show that a disease-causing Tau mutation disrupts the autophagy-lysosome pathway in human neurons, leading to Tau accumulation, and that enhancing autophagy can partially restore protein clearance.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

ALS/FTD-linked mutations in UBQLN2, a protein quality control factor, impair degradation of enzymes essential for mitochondrial lipid catabolism, leading to metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration.

Combining quantum error correction with gauge theory concepts from many-body physics enables the design of codes with improved resource requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computation.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Active wetting and fluidification of breast cancer epithelia are shown to be controlled by IRSp53 and Afadin, cell adhesion proteins that regulate multicellular viscosity and tensile state during tumour progression.

Analysis of FeTe films grown using molecular-beam epitaxy and annealed under a Te flux post-growth shows that stoichiometric FeTe is inherently a superconductor, contradicting the long-held view that it is an antiferromagnetic metal.

An ion pump that does not require redox reactions to drive aqueous ions against forces is demonstrated, and may find applications in selective ion separation and water desalination.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

To study myelination in vitro, a hydrogel-based micropillar array is used to mimic the stiffness and diameter of axons, with variations in these properties allowing evaluation of their influence. The platform can also be used to assess the effects of putative remyelination drugs.

Contaminants such as CO₂ and H₂S present in natural gas and biogas streams must be removed before use; existing strategies to do so can be rather complex. Here, the authors use a fluorinated porous metal–organic framework to remove CO₂ and H₂S from CH₄-rich feeds in a single step, potentially simplifying the process.

Physical networks can learn to accomplish tasks on the fly by adjusting their internal parameters. Now it is shown that such physical learning can be achieved in metamaterials that can learn to change shape.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Synthetic super-enhancers enable specific delivery of anticancer payloads, achieving tumour elimination after a single dose in a mouse model of aggressive glioblastoma.

Brown adipocytes are embedded within an intricate network of blood vessels and sympathetic nerves that support their development and thermogenic function. This study shows that adipocyte progenitor cells control blood vessel growth and nerve wiring in brown fat during cold exposure. They do so by releasing Slit3, which is cleaved into fragments that coordinate angiogenesis and sympathetic innervation.

Polyamides (PAs) or nylons are types of plastics with wide applications, but due to their accumulation in the environment, strategies for their deconstruction are of interest. Here, the authors screen 40 potential nylon-hydrolyzing enzymes (nylonases) using a mass spectrometry-based approach and identify a thermostabilized N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase as the most promising for further development, as well as crucial targets for progressing PA6 enzymatic depolymerization.

Ongoing chikungunya virus replication leads to the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages and CD4⁺ T cells in joint-associated tissues. Inhibition of chikungunya virus replication during chronic disease reduced viral RNA and joint inflammation in mice.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

Researchers reveal that TNF alpha unmasks a metabolic impairment in the enteric malate-aspartate shuttle. This dysfunction acts as a key pathological bridge linking intestinal inflammation to the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Laser-driven neutron sources offer unique advantages for fundamental physics and applications. Here, authors present an experiment at the DRACO PW laser where they achieved for the first time single neutron detection of fast neutrons, establishing LDNSs as a promising, scalable platform for future fast neutron-induced reaction studies.

The rate of axon ensheathment varies within individual myelinating processes, resulting in chains of myelin sheaths connected by bridges consisting of thin cytoplasmic processes that provide flexibility for myelination of highly branched axons.

A dual-mode vertical flow assay integrates colorimetric and chemiluminescent sensing modalities, a portable reader, and neural network analysis for rapid, multiplexed detection of cardiac biomarkers at the point of care.

Detailed oxygen maps of spiral galaxy NGC 1365 and cosmological simulations trace when its disk, bar and outer gas formed, showing that chemical fingerprints can reveal the merger and growth history of a galaxy.

This study reveals that declining anthropogenic aerosols can amplify the weakening of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley circulation, highlighting the critical role of aerosol reductions in driving tropical circulation changes in the 21st century.

Using nasal brush biopsies from the olfactory region, single-cell profiling revealed neuroimmune alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease detectable at a pre-clinical stage, offering an accessible window into early neurodegenerative disease in humans.

Aird et al. report that promyelocytic leukaemia (PML)-localized speckled protein 110 (SP110) controls SP100 oligomerization, which then regulates the mitotic dissolution of nuclear PML bodies.

A tunable granular biomaterial matrix is developed to support long-term bioprinting. Stress relaxation at high strains and long timescales is shown to be important for tissue self-organization in intestinal organoids.

Chica et al. combined genetic network mapping, time-resolved imaging and deep learning to generate a dataset called AutoDRY that describes multilayered control of autophagy and uncovers new regulatory pathways.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

A small molecule, CLEO4-88, was identified that acts as a molecular glue, linking the E3 ligase subunit GID4 with ACAA1. Instead of triggering ACAA1 degradation, the compound inhibits its enzymatic activity.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Connectome-seq allows access to connectomic and transcriptomic information in high throughput, using an RNA barcoding strategy and isolation of synaptosomes, followed by single-nucleus and single-synaptosome RNA sequencing.

Saccadic eye movements during free viewing exhibit patterns that reflect a strategy to increase neural responses by matching motor behavior with the statistics of the natural world and with the processing limitations of sensory systems.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

Hodgson, Huang, Lang et al. show that TDP-43 limits ribonucleoprotein particle condensation into paraspeckles in a concentration- and polymerization-dependent manner. They also link paraspeckle condensation to stress response and neuroprotection.

The evolutionary origin of tumours remains largely unknown. Here, Domazet-Lošo et al. show evidence for naturally occurring tumours in the freshwater polyp, Hydra, and suggest that tumours have deep evolutionary roots.

This article shows how mutations causing the neurodevelopmental syndrome NEDAMSS and related disorders are associated with the aberrant intracellular condensation of the IRF2BPL protein, which triggers cellular and molecular disease mechanisms.

Turley, Buechler and colleagues show that dermatopontin-expressing fibroblasts provide CSF1 to form a supportive niche for skin-resident macrophages. This interaction is important for skin tissue architecture and wound healing.

Purely organic room temperature phosphorescent materials are of interest for a range of applications, but phosphorescence colour switching is hard to achieve. Here, the authors report the use of a single-component organic crystal with reversible phosphorescence colour switching.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

At present, only 13.4% of the global land surface meets the World Meteorological Organization requirements for annual precipitation monitoring.