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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Neuromorphic computing hardware normally makes an unideal trade-off between energy efficiency, scalability and reliability. Kim et al. report a ferroelectric heterostructure based memristor with near-zero nonlinearity, endurance beyond 10E7 cycles, rectifying ratio exceeding 10E6 and sub-pA off-current.

The interplay between bulk oxygen diffusion and surface reactions in reducible metal oxides is key in heterogeneous catalysts, yet direct measurements of their coupling through transient kinetics and in situ spectroscopies have been lacking. Here, the authors uncover complex H₂-driven dynamics in ceria–zirconia using transient mass spectrometry along with in-situ Raman, near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, machine learning potential-based molecular simulations, and multiscale kinetic modeling.

The interplay between heavy fermion systems and geometric flat bands is often hindered by a scarcity of material realizations. Here, the authors report on the coexistence of geometrically frustrated flat bands and Kondo resonance states near the Fermi level in YbCr₆Ge₆.

The authors simulate phytoplankton macromolecular composition—proteins, carbohydrates and lipids—under present and future scenarios. They show increased protein allocation in subtropical phytoplankton but declines in high-latitude populations under warming, with implications for marine food webs.

Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

Engineered molecular circuits encoded in RNA can act as programmable therapeutics that sense cellular states and elicit precise responses within diseased cells. Here, the authors introduce a model delivery system with layered control of targeted infection, conditional replication, drug-inducible viral clearance, and molecular circuit-based cargo regulation, demonstrating a versatile platform for precise RNA viral vector delivery.

Sulfation helps shape cartilage, bone and other biological functions. Here, the authors identify MESH1 as the 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate-degrading enzyme that controls sulfation in animals and show that blocking MESH1 restores sulfation-linked defects, revealing a potential therapeutic target.

AlphaFold’s success in protein structure predictions has led to similar attempts to predict interactomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that AI-based screens are very limited in discovering truly novel interactions compared to experimental screens, exposing open challenges in interaction prediction.

Cells respond to cholesterol levels with increased growth. Here, the authors show that HR3/RORα senses cholesterol to regulate TOR signaling, linking cholesterol availability to cell growth, with implications for cholesterol-related diseases and cancer.

Understanding how young forming stars shed angular momentum is key to star formation. Here, the authors show that a rotating outflow from a deeply embedded protostar is driven by a magnetically launched disk wind that removes angular momentum by ejecting material across a broad range of disk radii.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Here, the authors show that the Saccharibacteria Nanosynbacter lyticus strain TM7x elicits limited immune activation in the oral cavity, and binds to gingival epithelial cells via a T4P-dependent mechanism, leading to clustering of TLR2 receptors and subsequent caveolin-mediated endocytosis.

Here the authors report real-world evidence through a retrospective analysis of a multinational cohort of 1.8 M older adults showing that GLP1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors carry lower risk for hyperkalemia than sulfonylureas. However, SGLT2 inhibitors increased risk of ketoacidosis. Findings support safety-conscious prescribing for older adults, who are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Using an evolutionary optimization approach, the authors report a culture medium that matures stem cell-derived heart cells, improving their structure, metabolism and electrical activity to advance highly functional models for in vitro testing.

A small molecule, CLEO4-88, was identified that acts as a molecular glue, linking the E3 ligase subunit GID4 with ACAA1. Instead of triggering ACAA1 degradation, the compound inhibits its enzymatic activity.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

IL-17RA signaling on Paneth progenitors, via ADAM17, modulates Paneth cell dedifferentiation and their ability to replenish the intestinal crypt post-irradiation injury.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Purely organic room temperature phosphorescent materials are of interest for a range of applications, but phosphorescence colour switching is hard to achieve. Here, the authors report the use of a single-component organic crystal with reversible phosphorescence colour switching.

Recovery of 48 bat and 9 horse HeV genomes from Australia (2016–2020) identified four Hendra virus clades, offering insights into evolutionary dynamics.

KRAS G12C inhibitors have improved outcomes but mainly in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, despite it being a well-established oncogene in a range of cancer types. Here, the authors present a first-in-human phase I/II clinical trial investigating the next-generation KRAS G12C inhibitor, olomorasib, in KRAS G12C-mutant advanced solid tumors.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Approach and avoidance behavior is disrupted in many psychiatric disorders, but the neural circuits that support this behavior are unknown. Here, the authors identify a theta-mediated limbic circuit that support approach and avoidance decision-making, contributing to a network understanding of psychiatric disorders, especially those characterized by maladaptive avoidance.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

The CCTG PA.7 randomized phase II trial compared chemotherapy with and without dual immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, the authors report long-term survival and exploratory analysis of the CCTG PA.7 trial, identifying a pattern of mutations linked to improved immunotherapy response.

Macrophage-dependent phagocytosis elicits robust antitumor immunity. Nevertheless, therapeutic strategies harnessing phagocytosis have been met with limited success. Here the authors demonstrate that dual-phagocytosis checkpoint blockade, achieved by simultaneously targeting CD47 and CD24, greatly enhances tumor cell phagocytosis thus increasing antigen-presentation capacity, cGAS-STING activation and T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, ultimately fostering robust antitumor immunity in preclinical mouse models of glioblastoma.

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

This study by Lai et al. reveals a noncanonical role for DRP1: during inflammation it enters the nucleus and activates NF-κB– lipocalin-2 signaling, driving neuroinflammatory gene expression independently of mitochondrial dysfunction.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

The Akt-mTOR axis influences cell activation, differentiation and metabolism. Jordan and colleagues show that thymic and inducible T_H17 cells exhibit different requirements for mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as Akt isoforms.

Biallelic variants in RNU4-2 cause a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder that is phenotypically and molecularly distinct from dominant ReNU syndrome and associated with reduced RNU4-2 transcript levels, consistent with a loss-of-function mechanism.

The excitatory neuron diversity and specialized connectivity of complex, multilayered mammalian neocortex are driven by mammalian-specific cis-regulatory elements bound by ZBTB18, deletion of which disrupts gene expression and results in projection patterns resembling those of non-mammalian brains.

Lipid nanoparticles incorporating a crosslinked ionizable lipid are shown to promote efficient endosomal escape of antigen mRNA and glycolysis stimulation in dendritic cells, to elicit robust vaccination against viruses and cancer.

Analysis of neuroimaging datasets across five major psychedelics revealed a shared brain signature and provides a comprehensive insight into how these drugs reorganize brain architecture.

Saturation genome editing of RNU4-2 identifies the functional and clinical impact of variants across the entire gene and delineates variants that cause a new recessive neurodevelopmental disorder distinct from ReNU syndrome.

HORMAD1 expression is typically restricted to germline cells where it has an important role in meiotic recombination but has been shown to be upregulated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors report that aberrant HORMAD1 expression weakens the spindle assembly checkpoint, driving sensitivity to AURORA kinase inhibition.

Using nasal brush biopsies from the olfactory region, single-cell profiling revealed neuroimmune alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease detectable at a pre-clinical stage, offering an accessible window into early neurodegenerative disease in humans.

Prodrug ionizable lipid nanoparticles co-delivering an effector T cell stimulant and a T cell exhaustion inhibitor eliminate primary and distal tumours, offering a potent strategy for combination cancer immunotherapy.

This study develops and validates a prognostic staging framework for Alzheimer’s disease by integrating cognitive status with blood-based biomarkers, and neuroimaging data, to improve risk stratification across the disease continuum.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

A screen of lung-targeting lipids revealed lipid nanoparticles offering improved delivery of mRNA and genome editors to lungs. Probing structure–activity relationships revealed a unique ‘tripod-like’ shape associated with the improvements.