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Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

How brain glial cells form an immune memory can impact disease pathology. Here, the authors show astrocyte priming boosts Aβ clearance by microglia, a protective mechanism that is disrupted by the APOE4 genetic risk factor.

The authors identify TMEM145 as a critical protein in cochlear outer hair cells, responsible for linking their stereocilia. Mice lacking TMEM145 develop severe hearing loss at an early age, providing new insights into hearing loss mechanisms.

The authors developed a highly sensitive skin-conformal NIR organic photodetector with fast photoresponse speed that achieves MHz-speed, angle-free, and long-range (100 m) wireless optical communication with stable performance under mechanical deformation.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Conventional circularly polarized light (CPL)-sensing materials are usually limited by low efficiency and/or stability. Here, the authors report the realization of broadband CPL detectors based on chiral Se nanorod films with responsivity dissymmetry factor of up to 0.4 and environmental stability for over a year.

Doil Choi and colleagues report the genome sequence of the hot pepper, Capsicum annuum, as well as the resequencing of two cultivated peppers and a wild species, Capsicum chinense. Comparative genomic analysis across Solanaceae provides insights into genome expansion, pungency, ripening and disease resistance in hot peppers.

Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from 462 patient-derived tumor cell (PDC) samples across 14 cancer types, along with pharmacological responses to 60 agents, indicates that PDC-derived drug sensitivities might be predictive of clinical response to targeted therapies.

ADHD is characterized by hyperactivity and deficits in learning and memory. Now, Eunjoon Kim and colleagues report that a polymorphism in the gene that encodes the adaptor protein GIT1 is linked to ADHD in humans. This polymorphism reduces GIT1 expression, and GIT1-deficient mice show ADHD-like behaviors that can be alleviated with the psychostimulant drugs used to treat human ADHD.

Schematic representation of nine-depth accommodative virtual images spanning the full perceivable depth range without inducing vergence–accommodation conflict (VAC), achieved using a bi-stacked quarter-waveplate geometric phase lens (QWP GPL) module. A conceptual illustration of VAC-resolved XR operation is also provided, demonstrating the ideal alignment between virtual image planes and real-world scene depths under intended system behavior.

Phosphatases are key components in cellular signalling networks. Here, the authors present a systematic functional analysis of phosphatases of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, revealing roles in virulence, stress responses, O-mannosylation, retromer function and other processes.

Achieving stable production by co-culturing multiple microorganisms is often challenging due to difficulties in controlling its population. Here, the authors develop a “population guider” that can acclimate a population to higher production.

The deprivation of amino acids in the tumor microenvironment affects T cell survival and activation. Here the authors show that reduced levels of methionine are associated with PD1 upregulation in CD4+ T cells and that methionine supplementation promotes CD4+ T cell dependent anti-tumor immune responses.

The chaperone Hsp70 has a dual role, promoting both protein refolding and protein degradation. Seo and Park et al. show that Hsp70 acetylation enhances protein refolding after stress, and that subsequent deacetylation progressively promotes ubiquitin ligase binding and protein degradation.

Conventional stretchable circuit fabrication requires complex packaging to prevent leakage. Here the authors introduce a self packaging stretchable circuit enabled by in situ sintering of ligand-bound liquid metal particles, allowing scalable, leakage-free, multilayer integration.

The lateral septum contains neurons that mediate stress responses, but the role of astrocytes remained unclear. Here, the authors show that lateral septum astrocytes modulate nearby neurons and enhance stress related physiological and behavioral responses.

Akkermansia muciniphila has several clades (AmI-AmIV), with one clade usually dominating per host. Here, the authors show AmII-derived extracellular vesicles mediate competitive exclusion of AmI via direct inhibition and immune stimulation.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have recently been reported to play a key role in adipose tissue homeostasis. Here, the authors show that adipose tissue iNKT cells mediate immune responses that control adipocyte turnover in mice.

3D photonic nanostructures can manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, but their bottom-up fabrication is hindered by limited structural control. Here, the authors present chiral 3D structures through multi-dimensional transfer printing of multilayer quantum dot patterns.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and advanced differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) come with a dismal prognosis. Here, Yoo and colleagues reveal the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of ATC and DTC, highlighting potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity associated with thoracic irradiation and doxorubicin treatment during anticancer therapy remain poorly understood. Here the authors show that treatment with an antibody against the L1 cell adhesion molecule inhibits nuclear L1CAM translocation, thereby controlling vascular DNA damage and preventing cardiotoxicity.

New two-dimensional semiconductors may exhibit properties beyond inherent semiconducting attributes. Here the authors report protonated semiconducting III–V-derived van der Waals crystals with memristive properties.

Therapies and vaccines for COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 viral pandemic, are urgently needed. Here the authors establish and screen an antibody library from a convalescent COVID-19 patient to isolate a neutralizing antibody with the ability to reduce viral titer and alleviate symptoms in ferret, hamster, and rhesus monkey infection models.

An electrodeposition method is proposed for the growth of elemental metal nanosheets with aligned grain orientation using a confined 2D template. Nucleation and growth are controlled within a confined 2D channel, resulting in nanosheets with high in-plane electrical anisotropy (>10³), highlighting their potential as switching elements.

Li-ion battery electrodes contain inactive materials, such as conducting agents and polymeric binders, which limit the energy density. Here, the authors demonstrate highly dense Ni-rich cathodes with improved volumetric capacities by coating graphene and minimizing the inactive components.

Using propensity score matching, Kim et al. find evidence of higher short- and long-term risk of adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes in Korean and Japanese cohorts of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 than in the general population.

The gut immune system distinguishes commensal from dangerous microbes. Lee and colleagues delineate a pathway that 'fine tunes' the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species to combat infections efficiently while tolerating commensal microbes.

We explore the double-helical (DH) spin texture in the antiferromagnet YMn₆Sn₆ using a frustrated planar-anisotropic spin model. Despite weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy, it governs complex field-driven transitions, including a newly identified distorted conical spiral (DCS) phase. This DCS state correlates with a ~40% sign-tunable magnetoresistance effect near room temperature (T = 250 K). The results reveal a strong link between noncollinear spin textures and electronic transport, advancing understanding of spintronic functionalities in DH antiferromagnets.