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Tracing the origins of lithium dendrite growth remains a critical challenge for lithium metal batteries. Here, the authors introduce an interfacial excess charge distribution factor to understand lithium dendrite growth, guiding the design of an electrolyte that suppresses Li dendrites in practical pouch cells.

The arrestin-mediated regulation of signaling through the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) is fundamental for synapse function. Here, authors report multiple subtype-dependent arrestin binding modes of the mGlus that account for their differential signaling profiles.

Solitons are ubiquitous phenomena, yet controlling both propagation and localization in thermal fields is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate thermal and heat solitons in electronically driven thermoelectric metamaterials, based on the interplay of non-Hermitian and thermal features.

Authors show that spread of H7 avian influenza viruses is driven by geographic distance and temperature. Anseriformes, or waterfowl, propel long-range dissemination, while Galliformes, or land fowl, facilitate local amplification.

Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer lacks defined treatment options following CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) failure. Here, the authors present a phase Ib clinical trial where the CDK4/6i dalpiciclib is combined with the histone deacetylase inhibitor chidamide in this setting.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can have cancer-promoting roles. Here, the authors perform genome-wide and focused CRISPR activation screens in breast cancer cells and identify three lncRNAs that promote tumour cell proliferation and sensitise cancer cells to CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment.

The gut microbial-derived metabolite HMB induces hepatic SNHG9, which suppresses MYC translation via IMP2, thereby derepressing MAS expression. MAS promotes protective autophagy, and HMB supplementation mitigates acetaminophen-induced liver injury.

In the marine fungus Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, low iron levels enhance glucose biodegradation, while high levels induce cytotoxicity, according to fungal glucose biodegradation assays.

Efficient and accurate constant potential simulation is essential for electrochemical modeling. Here, authors propose a constant potential framework by combining the machine learning force field with the charge equilibration method to study the dendrites nucleation at the Li metal battery interface.

NirFAP680 is a near-infrared fluorogen-activating protein that has an order of magnitude greater cellular brightness and superior photostability compared to currently available NIR FAPs and fluorescent proteins in both single- and two-photon excitation and allows robust imaging of proteins in live cells and in vivo.

Lithium–sulfur batteries are a promising electrochemical energy storage technology; however, they are limited by the dissolution of polysulfide intermediates. Now, it has been shown that sparingly solvating electrolytes containing a phase mediator can avoid polysulfide dissolution and accelerate surface-localized solution-phase sulfur reaction to improve battery performances.

Diffractive imaging of an important class of battery electrodes during cycling shows that lattice strain is a crucial yet overlooked factor that contributes to voltage fade over time.

The balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is critical for osteogenesis and long-term bone health. Here they identify an osteogenic regulatory axis involving a STAT3-bound enhancer of Etv4, providing insights into the regulation of bone formation.

Understanding dynamic heterogeneity in hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts is essential but difficult with limited spatio-temporal resolution. Here the authors use interferometric electro-optical microscopy to achieve nanometre–millisecond imaging of hydrogen evolution activity on MoS₂.

The operational stability of perovskite solar cells remains a challenge. Zhang et al. incorporate photoswitchable isomers at grain boundaries to improve their resilience and the stability of the solar cells under light cycling and ultraviolet exposure.

A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.

Small, low-income households and those from the Loess Plateau suffer disproportionate energy burdens, and energy poverty and inequality vary by energy type, region, ethnicity, and income level, according to an analysis that uses household survey data.

Lithium-ion batteries often struggle to maintain capacity in extreme cold conditions. Here, authors develop amorphous solid electrolytes (xLi₃N-TaCl₅) with high ionic conductivities and design all-solid-state batteries capable of operating at ‒60 °C for over 200 hours.

Wetting phenomena, such as droplets spreading on surfaces, are well understood in equilibrium systems but remain largely unexplored in driven non-equilibrium scenarios. In this work, the authors demonstrate that a ternary laning system exhibits controllable drying and wetting transitions, where the contact angles follow Neumann’s law despite the system being far from equilibrium.

Single-crystal alloy thin films (SATFs) are appealing for applications in crystal epitaxy, surface catalysis, and energy conversion. Here, the authors report a method to synthesize wafer-scale binary and ternary SATFs with sub-nanometer roughness, which can be used as substrates for the growth of high-quality graphene single crystals.

Single-molecule 4Pi microscopy is simplified and made accessible by using a single objective.

Two experiments with preregistered replications show that observing others shifts both risk and ambiguity preferences. Risk contagion is asymmetric, with stronger alignment toward risk-averse others, whereas ambiguity contagion is more symmetric.

Genome annotation typically requires costly experimental assays across diverse cell types, limiting its scalability. Here, authors introduce BioSeq2Seq, a deep learning framework that leverages DNA sequence and run-on sequencing (RO-seq) data to accurately predict histone modifications, functional elements, gene expression, and transcription factor binding sites.

The researchers showcase nonvolatile multilevel tunable SO(m) holonomy in heterogeneous integrated photonics, merging static geometric-phase control with programmability for robust and adaptable “all-geometric” classical and quantum information processing.

Interfacial water consists of hydrogen-bonded water and Na·H₂O, its structure changes at hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) potentials, and when structurally ordered it aids interfacial electron transfer, resulting in higher HER rates.

To unlock the potential of Mn-based cathode materials, the fast capacity fading process has to be first understood. Here the authors utilize advanced characterization techniques to look at a spinel LiMn₂O₄ system, revealing that a combination of irreversible structural transformations and Mn dissolution takes responsibility.

Conventional hemodialysis devices are limited by their need for large dialysate volumes, which restricts portability. This study introduces a dialysate-free wearable artificial kidney prototype that uses gas-permeable, blood-repellent membranes for vapor-gradient-driven water removal and integrated adsorption for toxin clearance, offering a promising technology for portable blood purification.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in renal pathophysiology. Here the authors use genetic models to show that podocyte FGF4 is protective of diabetic kidney disease progression, and that treatment with recombinant FGF4 reduced renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic mouse models.

Cervical cancer screening and detection can be challenging in regions with limited medical resources. Here, authors develop a low-cost compact microscope and AI-assisted system for cervical precancer screening to identify high-risk cases in these regions.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Defect modulation and understanding its impact on electrode materials remain challenging. Here, authors introduce twin boundaries into spinel cathode and demonstrate that their presence enables fast lithium ion diffusion.

Butenolides are important features of many bioactive compounds but known butenolide biosynthetic pathways are complex and challenging to harness. In this study, the authors report that avenolide, a 4-alkylbutenolide that regulates avermectin production in Streptomyces avermitilis, is assembled from a fatty acyl thioester by a multifunctional flavoenzyme and an iterative cytochrome P450.

Reduction on cobalt reliance is an urgent requirement in the development of sustainable cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Here the authors analyse the roles of cobalt and its interplay with other ions in high-nickel layered oxides, and deduce a material formula for promising cobalt-free cathodes.