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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

STING agonism can promote antitumor immunity, however, mechanisms of resistance to STING activation have been described in several cancer types. Here the authors report that upregulation of PTPN2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with STING suppression, showing that PTPN2 inhibition restores tumor cell STING expression, and enhances response to STING agonism and antitumor immunity.

Here they show that arginine methylation of Dicer’s helicase domain coordinates with phosphorylation to enable 26 G endo-siRNA production and ensure faithful oocyte meiotic program by controlling effector recruitment rather than catalytic activity.

Here the authors report real-world evidence through a retrospective analysis of a multinational cohort of 1.8 M older adults showing that GLP1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors carry lower risk for hyperkalemia than sulfonylureas. However, SGLT2 inhibitors increased risk of ketoacidosis. Findings support safety-conscious prescribing for older adults, who are often underrepresented in clinical trials.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Ribosomal Protein S15 (RPS15) is recurrently mutated in B-cell leukemia but its leukemogenic role remains unclear. Here, the authors establish mutant RPS15 as a cancer driver and reveal mechanisms by which these mutations induce translational defects, DNA damage and genomic instability that together promote leukemogenesis.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

A general-purpose large language model can be trained to create a specialized model, SmileyLlama, that can generate drug-like molecules with user-specified properties that are relevant to medicinal chemistry through a process that might be extended to other scientific domains.

After being internalized by cells, nanoparticles can, in rare events, acquire a biomolecular condensate corona. These complexes can reach the extracellular space, where they can deliver their acquired proteins and RNA content to other cells.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

A transition metal/carbon nanocomposite material has been designed for positive electrodes in Li||S batteries. It enables Li||S batteries to be fast charged–discharged in <5 min, which represents a breakthrough in the development of high-power Li||S batteries.

Li and colleagues show that the transcription factor ZFP148 restrains the differentiation of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells toward cytolytic effector cells by repressing the expression of KLF2.

Here they identify TBL/R1 as regulator of insulin levels and pancreatic β-cell identity. Mice with β-cell TBL/R1 deficiency display diabetes and interactome screens reveal a regulatory network including PAX6, verified in human β-cells.

mRNA–lipid-nanoparticle vaccines do not require type 1 conventional dendritic (cDC1) cells or the WDFY4-dependent cross-presentation pathway for CD8⁺ T cell priming but, instead, engage both cDC1 and cDC2 cells redundantly.

This study reveals that BCAA-derived BCKAs impair glucose-induced insulin secretion via activation of LDHA, a disallowed enzyme in pancreatic β-cells. Blocking this signalling axis restores insulin secretion, offering a new target against diabetes.

Chen, Cai et al., present a rigorous human-in-the-loop framework for evaluating the medical performance of AI-generated responses to real clinical questions, using a scale aligned with physician career stages. Although some models perform at levels comparable to early-career physicians, substantial rates of incompetent answers and hallucinations demonstrate that unmonitored clinical deployment remains risky, underscoring the continuing need for expert oversight.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Germline and somatic interactions define actionable genomic patterns driving acquired therapy resistance in breast cancer.

Hollandite structured materials are potentially useful for battery technologies. Here the authors report the unusual lateral transport of lithium ions between lithiated silver manages oxide nanorods where the reaction fronts and kinetics are maintained within the neighbouring nanorods.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Dysregulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors perturb H3K4 methylation in the MGE and hypothalamus, resulting in altered gene expression and cell fate as well as changes in behavior that mimic NDD symptoms.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tape is widely used for lithium-ion batteries but its chemical stability has been largely overlooked. Reversible self-discharge is now shown to be virtually eliminated in LiFePO₄–graphite cells by replacing PET with polypropylene jellyroll tape.

Yamazoe et al. show that B cell-derived autoantibodies contribute to the development of atrial fibrillation, suggesting that targeting the humoral immune response may represent a viable therapeutic approach.

Bistable superlattice switching between two lattice configurations with sharply contrasting periodicities has been observed in monolayer TaIrTe₄, a dual quantum spin Hall insulator.

A wearable paper-based microfluidic device tracks cortisol in sweat via gold nanoflower colorimetric assays and captures circadian rhythms, stress responses and jet lag disruptions.

Walmsley and colleagues report that systemic hypoxia induces persistent loss of histone H3K4me3 marks and epigenetic reprogramming in neutrophil progenitors, resulting in long-term impairment of subsequent neutrophil effector functions.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

In contrast to the conventional wisdom on conversion-driven structural collapse of the host, this work shows that lithium conversion in magnetite resembles the intercalation process, going via topotactic reactions, thereby enabling multi-electron transfer and high reversible capacity.

The authors show that plasma AT(N) biomarkers can distinguish Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration in diverse Latin American populations. Using machine learning and integrating neuroimaging, significant diagnostic accuracy was achieved, enhancing clinical assessments of these conditions in Latin America.

Dual cyclin A/B RxL inhibitors selectively kill small cell lung cancer cells and other cancer cells with high E2F activity.

This study demonstrates the capability of deep learning protein design models in generating functionally validated β-strand pairing interfaces, expanding the structural diversity of de novo binding proteins and accessible target surfaces.

Conducting a simulated turtlegrass herbivory experiment across 650 experimental plots and 13 seagrass meadows, the authors show that the negative effects of herbivory increase with latitude, driven by low levels of light insolation at high latitudes.