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The biological clock model LifeClock predicts biological age across all life stages from routine clinical data, revealing distinct pediatric and adult disease risk patterns.

Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

The honeycomb antiferromagnet Na₃Ni₂BiO₆ has been shown to exhibit a one-third magnetization plateau. Here, the authors identify multiple quantum phases both inside and beyond the field-induced one-third magnetization plateau in Na₃Ni₂BiO₆.

The authors report an artificial plateau neuron with bistable, spike-malleable dynamics that generates programmable rhythmic bursts, enabling a quadruped robot to walk adaptively and energy-efficiently via distributed hardware control without centralized computation.

Epigenetic dysregulation is a central driver of the progressive remodeling seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with specific factors to be further explored. The authors here show Hdac11 drives lung fibrosis by repressing Parkin-dependent mitophagy, which is associated with enhanced macrophage M2-type polarization and myofibroblast trans-differentiation.

Current artificial vision systems suffer from high energy consumption and latency due to the von Neumann bottleneck and separated spatiotemporal processing. Wu et al. propose a vision system achieving native spatiotemporal co-processing with millisecond latency and 95% action recognition accuracy at low computational cost.

To address the interconnect scaling challenge in semiconductor technology, researchers created a sub-2-nm Turing-patterned Ta₂S₃ barrier that can block copper diffusion better than the state-of-the-art TaN barrier

A fully phased genome assembly of the sugarcane foundational cultivar POJ2878 reveals extensive subgenome recombination and non-homologous chromosomal rearrangements.

Part of the Hong Kong Genome Project, genomic analyses of more than 20,000 participants provide information on clinically relevant variants for the Chinese population and offer insights on the implementation of genomic medicine initiatives.

Modeling antibody-antigen complexes boosts biomedical research and therapeutic design. To tackle slow antibody development, the authors’ tFold System designs epitope-specific antibodies, with their nanomolar affinities experimentally confirmed.

Deforestation over the past century represents a crucial challenge for biodiversity conservation, but whether biocultural sites can improve conservation outcomes is still unclear. This study examines biocultural sites across China to test how these influence forest conservation outcomes.

Wang et al. introduce Mac-Diff, a conditional diffusion model with locality-aware attention across modalities, to generate diverse conformational ensembles for unseen proteins, capturing both dynamic flexibility and structural heterogeneity.

TaHST2 negatively regulates thermotolerance in wheat as it encodes a ubiquitin hydrolase that represses heat tolerance by stabilizing TaHSC701/702. During domestication, TaHST2 was progressively suppressed to select for improved thermotolerance.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

SLCO4C1 is known for regulating kidney diseases. This study showed SLCO4C1 regulates hepatic cAMP uptake to suppress lipogenesis in MASLD. Targeting this pathway by FGF21 or forskolin suppressed lipogenesis.

SLC6A6 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and mediates mitochondrial taurine import, which sustains mitochondrial tRNA modifications and cell growth.

Cancer cells could sense the availability of glucose to coordinate macromolecular synthetic processes. Here the authors find that glucose-activated adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) possesses a moonlighting function of promoting protein succination, thereby upregulating lipogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Xia et al. introduce GerNA-Bind, a geometric deep learning framework designed to predict RNA–ligand binding specificity by integrating multistate RNA–ligand interactions.

Solid-state polymer electrolytes are crucial for developing future rechargeable batteries, but they are still limited in performance. Here, the authors designed a topological polymeric solid electrolyte, enabling an all-solid-state high-voltage lithium metal pouch cell to cycle 200 times efficiently.

This study traces a pathway for the natural formation of silver sulfide and silver wire through the coalescence of silver sulfide nanoparticles and solid-state silver ions aggregation that is responsible for high-grade silver deposits

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence microscopy of human samples and mouse models reveal that infection-driven cholesterol overload in granulomas impairs macrophage–CD4⁺ T cell interactions and anti-tuberculosis immunity.

This study presents a multifunctional sensor based on Te nanowires that utilizes the thermo-piezoelectric effect to achieve simultaneous sensing of strain, strain rate, and temperature.

Converting low-grade heat into electricity is promising to power electronic devices, though it is often limited due to weak ion selectivity and insufficient concentration gradients. Here the authors use a calix[4]pyrrole as an ion trap enhancing electronic properties for energy harvesting.

Light orchestrates cotyledon greening and growth, but the molecular link between chloroplast development and the cell cycle was unknown. Wang et al. identify RDE, a DNA-shaping protein that synchronizes these two processes in Arabidopsis.

Fungal decarboxylases in the isopenicillin N synthase subfamily exhibit unique N- and C-terminal insertions, but the mechanistic roles of these elements remain largely elusive. Here, the authors report crystal structures of TraH in complex with various substrates, showing an N-terminal lid loop that undergoes substrate-dependent rearrangements, facilitating a distinct decarboxylation mechanism.

The authors demonstrate distributed optical fibre sensing over 70 km with 1.58 m spatial resolution and a record number of sensing points. They utilise anti-distortion coding, waveform reconstruction preprocessing, and Haar wavelet denoising in a synergistic mechanism, with promising applications in long-range infrastructure monitoring.

Phase-switchable preparation of two-dimensional WS₂ is achieved through an electrochemical Li⁺ intercalation-based exfoliation strategy. A low discharge current density with high cutoff voltage produces pure semiconducting 2H phase WS₂ bilayers, while a higher discharge current density with a lower cutoff voltage favours semimetallic 1T′ phase WS₂ monolayers.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Evolutionary conservation of plant receptor structure allowed for generation of new variants of wheat and barley nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that recognize AvrSr35 of the wheat stem rust pathogen, supporting proof of principle for structure-based engineering of NLRs for crop improvement.

A distinct lipid-laden subset of monocyte-derived macrophages regulates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in injured livers, via CD36-mediated signalling.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

A method to synthesize non-van der Waals MAX phases and van der Waals layered early transition metal Xide chalcogenides (TMXCs) is developed through editing of covalent M–A/M–X sublayers. Exfoliated monolayer TMXCs resemble MXenes but feature tunable oxidation states, making the materials promising for applications in energy storage and catalysis.

The authors introduce the Electromagnetic Frequency Dispersion Coefficient (EFDC), a unified parameter linking material properties to microwave absorption. It enables ultra-thin, broadband absorption with record performance and stable operation across temperatures, simplifying the design of advanced absorbing materials.

A 64-kb non-volatile digital compute-in-memory macro that is based on 40-nm spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory technology can achieve a software-equivalent inference accuracy for a residual network at 8-bit precision and physics-informed neural networks at 16-bit precision.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.