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Here, Pala et al. show that mosquito salivary apyrase regulates hemostasis in the mosquito blood meal, boosting malaria transmission. They demonstrate that immunizing against apyrase inhibits parasite transmission.

UCN2 acts as a ligand for the GPCR CRHR2 and there have been conflicting reports on whether UCN2 treatment improves or worsens glucose tolerance. Here, the authors show that acute UCN2 recruits Gs and decreases glucose uptake, while chronic treatment desensitizes CRHR2 and improves glucose uptake.

Here the authors show a role for long-distance ROS signaling in driving the recruitment and colonization of beneficial rhizobacteria by plants. This allows plants to establish acclimation in systemic tissues following local organic pollutant stress.

One of the most effective molecular designs for organic chromophores with near-infrared (NIR) absorption is the donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) architecture. Here, the authors report a series of D-A-D small molecules based on a benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene-4,5-dione (BDTD-4,5-dione) core, showing that functionalization with N,N-dimethylaniline results in self-assembled nanoparticles that demonstrate NIR-triggered photothermal ablation of cancer cells in vitro.

Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been implicated in inflammation and obesity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here the authors show that AMPK is suppressed in ATMs from mice fed with high fat diet, leading to subsequent activation of SUCLA2, over-production of succinate and IL-1β, and ultimately inflammation and obesity.

Regulatory networks respond to environmental and genetic perturbations by reprogramming metabolism. Here the authors screen a library of 82 regulators with 110,120 mutations to map the regulatory network of 4000 genes.

Retinoblastoma response to treatment is difficult to predict. Here, the authors show that DNA methylation of cfDNA from aqueous humour is altered in retinoblastoma patients and can be used to identify the molecular subtypes and potentially predict treatment response.

The low natural abundance of heavy water makes high-purity extraction challenging. Here, a porous molecularly woven fabric is constructed that features adaptive pores enabling the efficient dynamic separation of water isotopologues at room temperature (298 K).

Memristive devices hold promise for nature-inspired computing, yet often suffer from variability and mismatched time scales compared to biological systems. Here, the authors introduce a liquid-metal eutectic gallium indium memristive device that achieves consistent, unipolar resistive switching on a biological time scale, demonstrating potential for reliable in-memory processing and logic gate applications.

Salmonella is a significant cause of gastrointestinal infection and asymptomatic carriage can contribute to transmission. Here, the authors investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of Salmonella in Yulin, China through occupational health screening and find that carriage was higher in food workers.

The COVID-19 pandemic sparked the need for international collaboration in using clinical data for rapid development of diagnosis and treatment methods. But the sensitive nature of medical data requires special care and ideally potentially sensitive data would not leave the organization which collected it. Xiang Bai and colleagues present a privacy-preserving AI framework for CT-based COVID-19 diagnosis and demonstrate it on data from 23 hospitals in China and the United Kingdom.

Thermochemical redox reactions of metal oxides are promising for CO₂ capture, gas purification, air separation, and energy storage. Here, the authors report mixed metal oxides derived from layered double hydroxides precursors, and demonstrate their reversible and stable thermochemical oxygen storage.

Piezo2 in mucosa and primary afferents mediates colonic mechanical sensation. Here the authors show that activation of Piezo2 regulates colonic mechanical sensitivity in a sex dependent manner.

Lung and gastrointestinal diseases often occur together. Here, the authors present a multi-ancestry study showing the shared genetic architecture between lung and gastrointestinal diseases.

Given the importance of the chiral α-benzyl cyclic carbonyl motif in pharmaceutically active compounds, various transformations have been developed to access chiral compounds containing this motif but they often include harsh reaction conditions. Here the authors develop a one-pot concurrent chemoenzymatic cascade reaction and demonstrate the synthesis of α-benzylcyclic ketones with high enantioselectivity.

Liu et al. show that microRNA394 is expressed in shoot apex and strictly inhibits LCR accumulation in leaf axils, to attenuate LCR mediated TPL degradation and activate the REV and STM pathway, which is essential for axillary meristem initiation in Arabidopsis.

The nuclear hormone receptor HNF4α is important for liver function. Here, Xu et al.show that miR-34a regulates expression of HNF4α and is increased under conditions of metabolic stress, suggesting miR-34a promotes the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

β-lactamases are a source of antibiotic resistance. Here, the authors show that an active site loop in β-lactamase toggles between conformations that control antibiotic hydrolysis and inhibitor susceptibility, highlighting the role of active site conformations in enzyme activity and inhibition.

PARP inhibitor (PARPi) therapy has demonstrated only modest efficacy in advanced breast cancer with BRCA mutations. Here the authors show that, by suppressing PARPi-triggered DNA damage and reducing dsDNA production in BRCA1-deficient breast tumor cells, tumor associated macrophages contribute to PARPi resistance, that can be overcome by STING agonism.

Observations show that China is undergoing greater warming than the United States, yet climate models fail to capture the difference in warming trends. The difference in warming is a result of a stronger climate response to external forcing in China.

Animals can fear specific objects with no previous experience. For example, naive mice are innately afraid of cats. Here the authors employed optogenet­ics and behavioral assays to determine the neural circuit mechanisms involved in mediating olfactory cue–induced innate fear in mice.

Identification of CRISPR-Cas systems by sequence alignment is limited by homolog sequence diversity. Here, the authors develop CHOOSER, and AI framework, for alignment free discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems, including EphcCasλ, which was validated for self-processing and DNA cleavage.

Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) activates latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix. Here the authors show that inappropriate activation of latent TGF-β in murine, bovine and human lung by monocyte-produced TSP-1 causes pulmonary hypertension, and that interference with the activation process prevents disease development.

The authors present two technologies for spatially resolved, genome-wide, joint profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome by cosequencing chromatin accessibility and gene expression, or histone modifications and gene expression on the same tissue section at near-single-cell resolution.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.

Regulation of lipid metabolism by Hedgehog signalling is found to be mediated by a long non-coding RNA, named Hilnc, which can enhance Pparγ mRNA stability via the mRNA-binding protein IGF2BP2, and thereby affect obesity and liver steatosis.

Human rotaviruses (RV) bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) for attachment, but how different viral genotypes interact with HBGA isn’t known. Here, Hu et al. report crystal structures of a prevalent and a neonate-specific RV in complex with HBGA and provide insights into glycan recognition and age-restricted tropism of RVs.

Multi-modal analysis is used to generate a 3D atlas of the upper limb area of the mouse primary motor cortex, providing a framework for future studies of motor control circuitry.

In this study, the authors simultaneously recorded multiple neurons from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the dorsal striatum (DS) as rats performed an action sequencing task. Sequence and lever decoding based on individual neuron activity was similar in the two regions, but decoding at the ensemble level was quite different.

China’s carbon dioxide emissions from industrial processes and product use were 1628 million metric tons in 2020, and the main driver of the emission growth over the past two decades is per capita construction area, according to an analysis that uses industrial production and process data.