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While AI has the potential to improve accuracy and efficiency in breast cancer diagnosis, it remains to be sufficiently tested in complex real-world clinical scenarios. Here, the authors develop BIRD, an end-to-end AI system for breast cancer recognition from ultrasound images, which is tested across large, diverse, and international cohorts.

The authors report a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of superconducting Sm-based infinite-layer nickelate thin films. Despite the two-fold enhancement of T_c in the Sm-based nickelates compared to their Pr-based counterparts, they find that the effective in-plane exchange coupling strength is reduced by approximately 20%.

ZAT-DNA encodes data in A/Z base patterns that PCR erases, ensuring molecular non-replicability. It enables secure 32/64-bit key storage and nanopore retrieval, blocks copying, and protects NFTs. The Babel-DNA hybrid allows selective access to multiple encrypted datasets from a single DNA pool using unique ZAT-DNA keys.

High-performance perovskite tandem solar cells are limited by uneven, disordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) acting as hole-selective layers. Luo et al. design a SAM that yields uniform, stable interfaces, reducing non-radiative losses and boosting efficiency and durability

The authors conducted two trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NH600001, an etomidate derivative, in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The results showed NH600001 has a sedative effect while reducing the risk of adrenocortical depression.

Single-component organic solar cells are more stable than blends but suffer limited efficiency from inefficient charge generation. Li et al. introduce a fluorinated double-cable polymer that accelerates charge transfer and separation, achieving 14.8% efficiency and higher photocurrent.

This study identifies a mitochondrial protection pathway that safeguards mitochondrial DNA integrity and limits liver damage. Disrupting this pathway triggers inflammation and fibrosis, while restoring protection or inhibiting DNA sensing markedly ameliorates fatty liver disease.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Despite being a wonder drug for COVID-19, Paxlovid suffers deficiencies pertinent to ritonavir associated toxicity and rising resistance to nirmatrelvir, which authors in this work show can be overcome by redesigned viral main protease inhibitors as a mono-therapeutic agent.

Fe3GaTe2 is a room temperature van der Waals ferromagnet, which, despite having a centrosymmetric crystal structure, has both a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and hosts topological spin textures. Here, Xia, Luo, Malik and coauthors unravel this mystery, showing the critical role of field cooling in the breaking of inversion symmetry in Fe3GaTe2.

Structured illumination microscopy enhances super-resolution fluorescence imaging but remains sensitive to noise, illumination mismatch and reconstruction artefacts. The authors introduce RL-SIM, a physics-guided reinforcement-learning framework that adaptively optimises structured-illumination parameters during training, improving reconstruction fidelity and robustness in simulations and transferring to fixed-cell and bead experiments on a digital-micromirror-device-based platform.

Guan et al. report a molecular regulator to control crystallization kinetics in Sn-based perovskite, resulting in elongated island-like grain structure that regulates charge injection and recombination, enabling NIR-II LEDs with efficiency of 10.7%, peak radiance of 173 W sr-1 m-2, and operational lifetime of 1,378 min.

This study discusses a stratosphere-to-surface radiative pathway in the Arctic, whereby stratospheric anomalies modulate high cloud cover through static stability, driving pronounced surface temperature and sea ice variations on subseasonal time scales.

Maternal obesity is known to cause systemic lipid dysregulation, yet its effect on lipid reprogramming during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) remains unknown. Here, they show that obesity disrupts very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) storage in oocytes, impairing peroxisomal protein import in 2-cell embryos.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity represents a critical adverse event in clinical cancer chemotherapy. Here, the authors show that cardiac administration of P-glycoprotein mRNA loaded lipid nanoparticles induces cardiac reprogramming and drug resistance, thereby effectively alleviating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice and pigs.

Diffusion on real networks often unfolds with irregular timing that standard models miss. Here, authors develop a general framework linking node-specific timing and memory effects to system-wide diffusion and show that it better predicts alpha-synuclein diffusion in the mouse brain.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combined with immunotherapy have improved outcomes in advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), yet resistance persists. This group presents single-cell transcriptomic profiling of aRCC patients treated with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, uncovering an immunosuppressive microenvironment linked to therapeutic resistance.

Here, in mouse models of GMPPB dystroglycanopathy, the authors show that impaired glycosylation disrupts muscle integrity and triggers broader cellular stress. They identify actionable pathways that improve muscle function, suggesting therapeutic strategies.

An ALMA polarization survey towards 30 massive star-forming regions reveals that chaotic turbulence, rather than ordered magnetism, governs the formation of stellar cluster seeds, reshaping our understanding of how the most massive stars are born.

Ma et al. report a laser polishing and surface reconstruction strategy to improve the surface quality of micron-thick Pb-Sn narrow-bandgap perovskites, enabling single-junction and all-perovskite tandem solar cells with efficiencies of 23.47% (certified) and 29.80%, respectively, by the antisolvent-free method.

Neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are not fully understood. Here authors show two lateral septum neuron types in male mice that bidirectionally regulate social memory via distinct hippocampal-hypothalamic circuits.

Part of the Hong Kong Genome Project, genomic analyses of more than 20,000 participants provide information on clinically relevant variants for the Chinese population and offer insights on the implementation of genomic medicine initiatives.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Corals are under critical stress due to rising oceanic temperatures and eutrophication and while it has been hypothesized that microbial symbionts might help mitigate some of this damage, the mechanisms underlying coral resilience remain unknown. This study shows that hyper-efficient bacterial denirtrifier genus, Ruegeria, are abundant in high -nitrate waters and their close relationship with corals assists in coral survival.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

Nanopore peptide sensing faces throughput, library preparation and analysis challenges. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput platform that integrates library preparation with AI analysis to accurately identify peptides, enabling antibody validation and protein identification.

Genomic data from snow carps reveal that the fusion of chromosomes initiates rediploidization following whole-genome duplication.

Here the authors identify a tumor immunoevasion mechanism in which tumor cells release branched-chain amino acid metabolites that can bind and activate Notch on tumor-associated macrophages, reprogramming these cells to be immunosuppressive.

Mannose-binding lectin attenuates coronavirus induced pneumonia by regulating the PKM2- NLRP3 axis in macrophages, revealing a novel metabolic-immune crosstalk in antiviral defense.

Induction of CD11b-positive regulatory B cells and low expression of CD40 in melanoma cells have been associated with resistance to agonist CD40 (aCD40) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here the authors show that the addition of RAS/MEK/PI3K inhibitors to aCD40 abrogates these effects and reverses ICB resistance in preclinical melanoma models.

The study identified macrophage-derived lactate as a driver of hypertrophic scar. Lactate influx via MCT1 triggers histone lactylation in fibroblasts to activate profibrotic genes.

The incorporation of alkali metals in kesterite solar cells enables high efficiency but is challenging to control. Xu et al. show that combining Na and Li ions yields optimal phase formation, enabling efficient solar cells and modules.

The demand for high-strength materials to enhance energy efficiency drives research into additive manufacturing and precipitation strengthening of high entropy alloys. Here, the authors investigate the low-cycle fatigue behavior of an Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Ti alloy, revealing impressive fatigue life and stress profiles, highlighting its potential for reliable structural applications.