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In a post-hoc analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) features from patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617 or cabazitaxel in the randomized phase 2 TheraP trial, low ctDNA levels at baseline were predictive of clinical benefit from [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu–PSMA-617, and PTEN or ATM alterations were identified as potential biomarkers of response.

Bioluminescence imaging with enhanced sensitivity, resolution and dynamic range is enabled by a camera based on quanta image sensor technology in combination with a dedicated unconventional microscope design. The capabilities of the QIScope are demonstrated in live imaging of extracellular vesicles or low-abundance proteins.

The study analyses data from NASA’s MMS mission to examine electromagnetic fluctuations in the electron diffusion region of Earth’s magnetotail offering insights into the link between reconnection and turbulence. It finds that electromagnetic anomalous viscosity supplies, at times, around 20% of the reconnection electric field.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can greatly improve healthcare delivery and outcomes, but potential embedded biases can affect fairness in clinical deployment. Here, the authors develop a simulation-based approach to explore which formalisations of AI algorithmic fairness translate into long-term outcome fairness, with a focus on breast cancer.

Secretory autophagy (SA) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation-driven neurodegeneration, through SKA2 and FKBP5. SKA2 regulation of SA can inhibit IL-1β release. Its dysfunction leads to neurodegeneration, and is linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

The efficiency of palladium catalyzed CO₂ electroreduction is severely hindered by catalyst deactivation. Here, the authors report that engineering a palladium-fullerene interface enhances resistance to deactivation, enabling energy-efficient CO₂-to-formate conversion over a broad potential window.

The concept of a time crystal is well established, but its interplay with topological order is less explored. Wahl et al. show that time crystals may arise from topological order and that such states make the gauge theoretic perimeter law dynamic, offering a key feature to seek with quantum computers.

Mad1 is well characterised for its function in mitosis. Here, the authors describe an interphase role for Mad1 in tumour promotion in which it destabilises p53 by localizing to PML nuclear bodies and displacing MDM2 from the PML-MDM2 complex.

Here the authors develop DAESC, a statistical method for differential allele-specific expression analysis using single-cell RNA-seq data. Application of DAESC identifies dynamic regulatory effects along endoderm differentiation and differential effects between type 2 diabetes and healthy controls.

How lightning occurs in dusty atmospheres remains largely unknown because of the complexity of the turbulent flows involved. Di Renzo and Urzay reveal a flow-driven mechanism of charge separation by simulating turbulence laden with hundreds of millions of electrically charged inertial particles.

Negative selection removes deleterious genetic variation, and can influence genetic architectures and evolution of complex traits. Here, the authors analyze data from 25 UK Biobank diseases and complex traits, and quantify frequency-dependent genetic architectures which suggests actions of negative selection.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Many diseases can display distinct brain imaging phenotypes across individuals, potentially reflecting disease subtypes. However, biological interpretability is limited if the derived subtypes are not associated with genetic drivers or susceptibility factors. Here, the authors describe a deep-learning method that links imaging phenotypes with genetic factors, thereby conferring genetic correlations to the disease subtypes.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass-Spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful method to study protein conformational dynamics, but peptide-level measurements obscure residue-level detail. The authors present ReX, a statistical approach that infers residue-level significance, outperforms existing methods on unseen data, and reveals distinct conformational signatures of ligand binding.

ERnet is a deep learning-based software tool for automatic segmentation and classification of structures in the endoplasmic reticulum. ERnet is compatible with many fluorescence imaging modalities and can uncover subtle phenotypic changes.

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a high-redshift galaxy population with unclear nature. Here, authors show CANUCS-LRD-z8.6, a spectroscopically confirmed LRD, hosting an active galactic nucleus, and its properties provide insights for early black hole and galaxy formation.

Longitudinal population-based surveillance identifies shifts in HIV transmission patterns related to age and sex, suggesting that HIV programmes to increase HIV suppression in men are crucial to reduce incidence in women.

Single-cell analysis of multi-condition cohorts requires modelling the interaction between sample variables and cell states. Here, authors develop GEDI to enable integration, cluster-free differential expression analysis and regulon analysis for both gene expression and alternative splicing modalities.

Three-dimensional chiral magnetic tubes created via two-photon lithography and nickel film deposition exhibit chiral spin textures and non-reciprocal magnon transport.

Changes in protein subcellular localization can be determined using mass spectrometry. Here, the authors present a statistical approach to determine relocalising proteins from spatial proteomics experiments.

Reliably probing rejuvenation and memory effects in spin glasses by means of simulations is difficult. Now, a state-of-the-art numerical study shows that at least three different length scales play a crucial role in aging dynamics of spin glasses.

Clonalscope is a method for cancer subclone detection leveraging copy number profiles estimated using spatial and single-cell sequencing data.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Photonic processors are limited by the bulkiness of discrete components and wiring complexity. An experiment now demonstrates a reprogrammable two-dimensional waveguide that performs neural network inference through multimode wave propagation.

Mendelian randomization (MR) identifies causal relationships from observational data but has increased error rates when the genetic variants used as instruments come from a single region, a typical scenario when assessing molecular traits like protein or metabolite levels as risk factors. Here the authors introduce a single-region pleiotropy-robust MR method, validating the method on three ground truth sources, showing its capability to identify disease-causing molecular traits.

The connection between classical neural networks and Gaussian processes is a fundamental result in machine learning. It has now been shown that many quantum neural networks converge to Gaussian processes, enabling their use for regression tasks.

Ultrafast electron diffraction can probe structural dynamics of photochemical reactions in real space and real time. Here the authors study the ring-opening of cyclohexadiene with sub-100 fs temporal resolution and sub-angstrom spatial resolution.

Predicting crop performance in environments with limited field testing is challenging. Here the authors combine field experimental, DNA sequence, and weather data to predict genotypes’ future performance. They demonstrate the potential of this approach on a large dataset of wheat grain yield.

Solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of infectious disease and have unique molecular pathophysiology. Here the authors use host-microbe profiling to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, showing enhanced viral abundance, impaired clearance, and increased expression of innate immunity genes.

High numbers of COVID-19-related deaths have been reported in the United States, but estimation of the true numbers of infections is challenging. Here, the authors estimate that on 1 June 2020, 3.7% of the US population was infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 0.01% was infectious, with wide variation by state.

Fishing has had a profound impact on global reef shark populations, and the absence or presence of sharks is strongly correlated with national socio-economic conditions and reef governance.

In place of ‘season’ as the typical sun exposure proxy, this study uses ambient UVB linked to participants’ addresses. The results deepen our understanding of the link between vitamin D and health and highlight the utility of environmental data.

Cytidine triphosphate synthase, a key enzyme in nucleotide synthesis, forms distinct filaments in Mycobacterium tuberculosis that resist cytidine triphosphate feedback inhibition, which are characterised through structural, biochemical, and cellular methods.

Changes in muscovite caused by environmental factors can be detected in nanoindentation data with a statistical physics model for plastic deformation. The model’s simplicity implies these findings may generalize to other layered materials.

An approach combining bioorthogonal chemistry with genetically encoded fluorogen-activating proteins enables subcellular imaging of phospholipids and glycans, as well as the visualization of lipid transport between organelles and lipid asymmetry across membrane leaflets.

Neonatal brain injury from intermittent hypoxemia increases fatty acid oxidation and causes long-term changes in hippocampal lipid profile. Here authors demonstrate oral treatment with glycerol-triacetate restores lipid fatty acid profile and promotes functional recovery.

While the electronic quality of graphene has significantly improved during the last two decades, charged defects inside encapsulating crystals still limit its performance. Here, the authors overcome this limitation and report the enhanced electronic quality of graphene enabled by tuneable Coulomb screening inside large-angle twisted bilayer and trilayer graphene devices, showing Landau quantization at magnetic fields down to ~5 mT.

Images collected during NASA’s DART mission of the asteroid Didymos and its moon, Dimorphos, are used to explore the origin and evolution of the binary system. Authors analysis indicate that both asteroids are weak rubble piles and that Didymos’ surface should be about 40 to 130 times older than Dimorphos.

In response to intracellular signals, bacterial translational riboswitches embedded in mRNAs can regulate gene expression through inhibition of translation initiation. Here, the authors describe SiM-KARTS, a novel approach for detecting changes in the structure of single RNA molecules in response to a ligand.

An analysis using ribosome-profiling and matched RNA-sequencing data for three organs across five mammalian species and a bird enables the comparison of translatomes and transcriptomes, revealing patterns of co-evolution of these two expression layers.

The sustainability of the majority of multispecies reef fisheries around the globe remains unassessed. This study provides context-specific sustainable reference points for coral reef fish using environmental conditions. Using these reference points, they show that most reef fish stocks have failed at least one fisheries sustainability benchmark.

Small-scale vorticity dynamics are central to turbulence, but their transient and chaotic nature makes direct measurement and control extremely challenging. By using magnetically driven particles, authors uncover stochastic resonance and a symmetry-breaking mechanism that may enable both control of particle dynamics and a magnetic resonance- based method for probing turbulence at its smallest scales.

Linking epigenetic marks to clinical outcomes promises insight into the underlying processes. Here, the authors introduce a statistical approach to estimate associations between a phenotype and all epigenetic probes jointly, and to estimate the proportion of variation captured by epigenetic effects.

mBaoJin is a monomeric derivative of the bright and photostable green fluorescent protein StayGold. mBaoJin offers favorable photophysical properties for use in diverse protein tagging and subcellular labeling applications.

Lightning Pose is an efficient pose estimation approach that requires few labeled training data owing to its semi-supervised learning strategy and ensembling.

Phosphorylated histone H2AX is an early signalling event of DNA double-strand breaks. Here the authors use super-resolution microscopy and ChIP-seq and identify ‘nano-domains’ – chromatin loops decorated by γH2AX and flanked by CTCF.