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The authors resolve 63 structurally diverse haplotype structures for the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome region. Deletion risk differs depending on structure; individuals of African ancestry are enriched for inverted repeats that predispose to inversion.

Liu, Gad et al. develop an approach to purify the endoplasmic reticulum and integrate genetic, structural, molecular and cell biological analyses to identify SLC33A1 as an endoplasmic reticulum oxidized glutathione (GSSG) exporter in mammalian cells.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Printed MoS₂ memristive networks yield spiking neurons with multi-order complexity. Thermally activated snap-back produces physiological waveforms that stimulate mouse Purkinje neurons, offering a scalable platform for bio-realistic neuromorphic hardware and brain–machine interfaces.

Melanocytic nevi are small, pigmented benign skin tumours. This large-scale genome-wide association study for nevus count identifies novel genomic regions, highlighting pathways beyond pigmentation and offers new insights into melanoma risk and biology.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The microtubule–kinesin system is a well-known active matter system. Now it is shown that a microtubule-based active fluid can assemble adhesive non-thermal fibres into a membrane-like structure.

Retrogressive thaw slumps are a key disturbance resulting from permafrost thaw that impact both vegetation and soil carbon. This study assesses surface greenness recovery times following thaw and shows that recovery can be predicted based on annual ecosystem gross primary productivity.

In this phase 1/2 trial, patients with Ewing sarcoma received trabectedin and low-dose irinotecan at concentrations known to inhibit the activity of the transcription factor EWS::FLI1, leading to encouraging clinical response rates.

Floquet engineering is emerging as a tool to control quantum materials. Here it is applied using non-resonant optical fields to coherently dress Hubbard excitons in Sr₂CuO₃, driving wavefunction rotations between bright and dark states.

The authors use data on the entire Finnish population to develop a machine learning model for predicting COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Important predictors are proxies of socio-economic status, and those at high risk for COVID-19 consequences are less likely to get vaccinated.

Urea, the most widely used nitrogen fertilizer, has unknown impacts on freshwater ecosystems. This study demonstrates that urea additions in Canadian prairie agricultural reservoirs triple phytoplankton abundance without increasing cyanobacterial toxins, revealing considerable nitrogen loss to the atmosphere and highlighting potential global water quality degradation in phosphorus-rich agricultural regions.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The authors consider risks to global biodiversity from wildfire under climate change. They show increased risk to 83.9% of species pre-identified as wildfire vulnerable, with high risks for species with small ranges, high conservation concern and those in South America, Australia and South Asia.

Compiling data on floral introductions and European colonial history of regions worldwide, the authors find that compositional similarity of floras is higher than expected among regions once occupied by the same empire and similarity increases with the length of time the region was occupied by that empire.

Magnetic resonance control of spin-correlated radical pairs alters red fluorescent protein emission in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrating in vivo magnetic field modulation of biomolecular processes.

In terahertz sideband generation, an electron–hole pair is accelerated in a semiconductor by a terahertz field to then recombines forming a frequency comb, but so far experimental realizations have relied on the large fields of free electron lasers. Here, Crosse et al.propose bi-layer graphene for sideband generation at lower fields.

Time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction both led to significant weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to controls. Thus, TRE is a safe and effective alternative to calorie restriction for weight management in this population.

Lee et al. report a mechanism regulating mRNP export mediated by N⁶-adenosine methylation, METTL3 and NUP93 with potential implications for nephrotic syndrome and other human diseases.

Iridium oxide is a state-of-the-art catalyst for green hydrogen production, but the identity of species present under operating conditions remains debated. Here, using multiple operando spectroscopy approaches with time-resolution, water oxidation is found to be driven by O⁻¹ states.

Analyses of large-scale, multitaxa and long-term thermophilization patterns in forests, grasslands and alpine summits across Europe provide insight into shifts in community composition among different ecosystems in a warming world.

SHEAR provides a contact-free, non-destructive imaging tool for assessing mechanical function of joint tissues in degenerative joint disease and repair via high-resolution mapping of frequency-dependent tissue viscoelastic properties.

Connectome-seq allows access to connectomic and transcriptomic information in high throughput, using an RNA barcoding strategy and isolation of synaptosomes, followed by single-nucleus and single-synaptosome RNA sequencing.

In this study, the authors model the current mechanical properties of the seafloor of Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, and find those rocks to be too strong to allow the kind of fracturing that, on Earth, enables rock–water chemical reactions on which chemosynthetic life relies.

Therapy to allergy often targets a specific allergen without addressing cross-reactivity. Here the authors develop a consensus, cross-reactive allergen, use mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization to induce specific, neutralizing IgG responses, but find no therapeutic effects in mouse allergy models, hinting the need for further optimization prior to translation.

Cue-evoked striatal dopamine release in mice encodes bidirectional trajectory errors, spatially and temporally separated from value coding, reflecting the relationship between the speed and direction of ongoing movement relative to optimal goal trajectories.

Detailed oxygen maps of spiral galaxy NGC 1365 and cosmological simulations trace when its disk, bar and outer gas formed, showing that chemical fingerprints can reveal the merger and growth history of a galaxy.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Electromagnetic soundings are used to map the extent of deep old aquifers beneath coastal Bangladesh. Low sea-level during the ice age and weathering shaped the distribution of freshwater. These reserves aid water security in the region.

Pouget et al. identified distinct CA1 neuron ensembles active during specific moments of fear learning and uncovered the core engram essential for memory formation.

Johnson et al. discuss the role of dietary and endogenous fructose as a calorie source and modulator of metabolic health and disease.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

In this study, Constable et al. examine the association between exposure to sexual and physical violence and enduring transdiagnostic psychopathological traits in a diverse sample of 842 adults.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The role of disorder in high-entropy oxides in electrocatalysis and zinc–air batteries remain unclear. Here, the authors induce controlled multilevel structural, electronic and atomic disorder to create new active sites, enabling robust, balanced oxygen catalysis and efficient zinc–air batteries.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Existing ambition assessments of national climate pledges are biased, incompatible with international law and reward high emitters. Immediately accounting for the equity obligations of the Paris Agreement implies important financial support now.

Media representations depict cities in illuminating ways. This study finds that representations of cities in Soviet-era newsreels grow more than expected with city size and are further biased in favor of some specializations and geographical locations.

Lucerastat was well-tolerated, but did not reduce neuropathic pain, abdominal pain, or diarrhea compared with placebo. Lucerastat reduced biomarkers of Fabry Disease at 6 months, and these reductions were maintained at the 18-month interim analysis.

Chlorine electrosynthesis from seawater is limited by poor selectivity and stability under industrial-scale conditions. Here atomic-step-enriched ultrafine high-entropy alloy nanowires enable highly efficient chlorine evolution at 10 kA m⁻² for over 5,500 h through dynamic Pt–O active sites, reducing electricity consumption and feedstock costs for next-generation chlor-alkali processes.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Deep optical imaging of a close quasar pair reveals a filamentary connection between them, providing insight into the transition between intergalactic and circumstellar media and a test of the cold-dark-matter cosmological theory.

Experimental evidence demonstrates long-distance remote epitaxial interactions of thin films even through thick amorphous carbon buffer layers and shows that these can be induced through dislocations in the substrate.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

Calcium imaging of mouse hippocampal neurons while mice learn a reward-based task over several weeks provides insight into the evolution of the hippocampal reward representation during extended periods of experience.