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Breeding crops with delayed senescence could plausibly increase grain yield. Here the authors show that variation at the rice SGR locus contributes to differences in senescence between indica and japonica subspecies and show that introgression can increase yield in an elite indica rice variety.

Kancharla, Kelly et al. identify an acridone antimalarial potent across all major parasite life stages. Lead candidate T111 shows oral efficacy, low toxicity, and synergy with tafenoquine, providing a unique mechanism to overcome resistance.

Here, Wulczynski et al. find fewer small-intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in CeD patients, independent of the gluten-free diet, while inulin-supplemented diet in gluten-sensitized mice facilitates microbial saccharolytic function and SCFAs, accelerating mucosal healing in the small intestine.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells with high affinity for their targeted epitopes efficiently kill malignant cells at the expense of excessive and potentially harmful immune activation, while lower-affinity targeting shows a safer profile but compromises tumour cell killing. Here the authors show that the combination of high- and low-affinity CARs results in a T-cell product with maintained functionality while reducing cytokine release and CAR-T-cell exhaustion in mouse models.

In mice, female aggression is governed by an amygdala–to–medial hypothalamus circuit that is strengthened during pregnancy and is dynamically amplified by oxytocin during lactation.

ThermoCas9, a genome-editing enzyme that is sensitive to the DNA methylation status of the target locus, is characterized and shows promise for targeting hypomethylated DNA regions in cancer cells.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells show inherently low antioxidant defenses, making them prone to lethal oxidative stress induced by thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitors. Here, authors demonstrate that activating NRF2 mediated tissue protection allows increased therapeutic dose of TXNRD1 inhibitors to enhances SCLC cell killing in vivo without added toxicity to healthy tissues.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry is essential for cellular signalling, yet excessive calcium influx drives disease. Here, authors develop genetically encoded CRAC channel inhibitory binders (CRABs) to precisely modulate Ca²⁺ signalling, with therapeutic potential in channelopathies and cancer immunotherapy.

As neuroscience increasingly recognizes that understanding the brain requires studying natural behavior, it has begun to adopt more naturalistic experimental environments as a means to that end — an important and welcome shift. Yet environmental realism alone does not guarantee that natural behavior is being studied and, in some cases, can create the illusion of ecological relevance or even promote unnatural behavior if the behavioral context is poorly aligned with a species’ ecology. Keeping sight of our central goal — understanding how brains support the actions animals evolved to perform — requires an ethological focus not only on where experiments occur, but on what animals are actually doing and whether the environment affords those behaviors.

Analyses of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data from a prospective cohort of 3,100 patients with esophageal carcinoma suggest intestinal metaplasia as a single precancer pathway preceding the disease.

Myopathy caused by BAG3 mutation disrupts muscle protein homeostasis and leads to severe muscle weakness. In mouse models, the authors demonstrate that impaired autophagy drives the pathology, while gene therapy targeting the mutated BAG3 improves muscle function.

In photosynthesis, cytochrome c₆ (Cyt c₆) has been evolutionarily replaced by plastocyanin as the electron donor to Photosystem I (PSI). Here, the authors present the cryo-EM structure Cyt c₆: PSI complex from green algae, revealing both novel and ancestral features of donor:PSI interactions.

Natural products inspire the development of pseudo-natural products through combinations of fragments of compound classes that are chemically and biologically distinct. Here, the authors report a library of 244 pseudo-natural products, evaluate them in the cell painting essays and identify the phenotypic role of individual fragments.

A range of humoral related adverse events can occur after treatment of haematological malignancy with chimeric antigen receptor cell therapies. Here the authors characterise the persistence of humoral immunity and response to vaccination after patients receive B cell targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy.

Using single-cell tissue imaging and spatial proteomics to study mitochondria–lipid droplet coupling in hepatocytes, PLIN5 phosphorylation is identified as a mediator of lipid flux and nutrient stress responses.

Assessment of how 16 taxonomic groups in a lowland tropical forest resist and recover from anthropogenic disturbance shows the potential of protecting naturally regenerating secondary forests to reverse biodiversity losses.

Here authors show in a human stem cell–derived model, neural cultures from children with MPSIIIA exhibit hyperactive excitatory synapses associated with excitation–inhibition imbalance, altered network dynamics, and broad dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic homeostasis.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Researchers reveal that TNF alpha unmasks a metabolic impairment in the enteric malate-aspartate shuttle. This dysfunction acts as a key pathological bridge linking intestinal inflammation to the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

A new optical imaging study demonstrates that norepinephrine and the state of arousal influence hemodynamic correlations across cerebral cortex, calling for a conceptual shift in interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

Recently, the dose escalation stage of the GLORIA trial investigating NOX-A12 (L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibitor) in combination with radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma was reported. Here, the authors report the preclinical rationale and an expansion arm of the GLORIA trial combining NOX-A12, radiotherapy and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

A monolithic mode-locked semiconductor laser with a continuously and widely tunable repetition rate is achieved by using a microwave driving signal that induces a spatiotemporal gain modulation along the entire laser cavity.

Combined functional ultrasound imaging and Neuropixels recording of mouse brains identify two neuronal populations with opposing arousal-related activity and distinct haemodynamic response functions, that occur throughout the brain.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identifies risk loci for severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Downstream analyses explore maternal and fetal contributions of these loci and their temporal effects.

When households install solar panels, they often increase electricity use due to the energy they perceive as ‘free’. This study shows how this so-called solar rebound effect shapes Europe’s energy system, driving investment needs and costs, and calls for inclusion in planning.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Analyses of snRNA genes in a French cohort of people with rare disorders, with validation through international collaboration, identify monoallelic and biallelic variants in RNU2-2 as frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Lysosome positioning is essential for cell metabolism and stress responses. Here, the authors show that the TMEM55B-associated protein TBC1D9B controls lysosome positioning, autophagy, and starvation-induced degradation by serving as a GTPase activating protein of ARL8B

Femtosecond pumping of an isotropic low-index subwavelength film enables ultrafast polarization control, with induced birefringence up to 0.1π μm⁻¹, a dichroic ratio of ~23% and a non-reciprocal optical activity of ±1.1° μm⁻¹.

Shelves rather than shorelines may be better topographic indicators of oceans on Earth and Mars.

This study leveraged disease progression modeling to showcase task-based brain activity dysfunction as an important contributor to cognitive dysfunction along the Alzheimer’s disease cascade.

Arboviruses often co-circulate, but cross-reactivity hampers serological diagnostics. Here, the authors paired multiplex serology with competitive immunoassays and Bayesian modelling to quantify antibody cross-reactivity and extract virus-specific signals from exposure data, enabling reconstruction of transmission dynamics.

Experimental evolution of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) in the same environment as a previous experiment with budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) reveals parallel evolution but distinct molecular mechanisms and targets of adaptation in the two species.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges antibody therapeutics, but glycan-masked antigens enable isolation of class 3 monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize diverse Omicron variants and reveal cross-reactive epitopes.

JWST phase-curve observations reveal that the two innermost TRAPPIST-1 planets emit thermal radiation consistent with bare rocky surfaces, indicating that both lack thick atmospheres.

This study from Wei-Guang Li, Tian-Le Xu and colleagues shows that neuropeptide Y released by specific hippocampal inhibitory neurons can switch fear memories into extinction memories by acting on two distinct receptor-defined neuron populations.

Targeted sequencing of neurodegenerative disease genes and transcriptome-wide sequencing in postmortem brain and spinal cord samples from individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or frontotemporal dementia identify somatic mutations as likely drivers of disease pathology.

A brain–machine interface is used in monkeys to investigate the biophysical underpinnings of cortical high gamma-band activity, a signal that is often studied in the context of many brain functions.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), a very rare and understudied sarcoma, presents serious challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, the authors employ multi-omics profiling on 30 refractory DSRCT patients to improve the diagnosis and identify potentially actionable targets for individualized DSRCT treatment.

Functional and structural characterization of PtmA2 reveals that it is an unusual non-adenylating acyl-CoA ligase and part of a system wherein the canonical acyl-CoA ligase reaction is separated into two half-reactions performed by distinct enzymes.

Variant mapping of sorghum promoters identifies CRISPR-accessible mutations that upregulate gene expression.