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Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

A van der Waals heterostructure made from atomic layers of ferroelectric CuCrP₂S₆ and ferromagnetic Fe₃GeTe₂ can offer reversible, non-volatile ferroelectric control of two-dimensional magnetism.

The authors develop textile electronic substrates with tailored stiffness and interfacial affinities by selective and controllable laser-matter interaction, addressing the mechanical mismatch between hybrid electronics and elastic textiles.

This study identifies key neurocognitive domains that distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals using machine learning. Analyzing data from 1,304 participants, it demonstrates that verbal learning and emotion identification effectively classify conditions, promoting efficient neurocognitive profiling strategies.

Norovirus genotype GII.17 has been linked with a recent increase in cases in Europe and the Americas. Here, the authors investigate the genetic diversity and mutational patterns, and phenotypic differences associated with the recent circulating strain.

Using a non-human primate model, the authors identified the tissue sites of initial viral rebound after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, demonstrating that such rebound preferentially occurs in the gastrointestinal tract-associated lymphoid tissues.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

Here, the authors show that pre-infection gastrointestinal microbial composition predicts parasite levels in rhesus macaques infected with P. fragile and humans infected with P. falciparum in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) study.

Electron tomography enables high-resolution 3D imaging but is limited by radiation sensitivity. Here, the authors demonstrate a phase retrieval method using multiple tilted HRTEM focal series, achieving 1.6 Å resolution with improved dose efficiency and elemental sensitivity.

Steatotic liver disease (SLD), which might lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is on the rise worldwide. This Expert Recommendation draws on lessons learned to tackle viral hepatitis and proposes a framework for SLD screening and testing policies.

Guidance is lacking on how to best integrate sex, gender and social and structural determinants of health into neuroscience research on brain resilience in ageing and dementia. In this Roadmap article, Rajah et al. propose a way forward for conducting more inclusive research in this field.

Eosinophils exist as a functionally heterogeneous population. Whether the heterogeneity is driven by cell-intrinsic or extrinsic factors is underexplored. Here, by leveraging single-cell transcriptomic data and epigenomic analysis, the authors propose that local environmental cues define the gene expression program of murine esophageal eosinophils and identify AP-1 family members, including ATF3, as key regulators of gene expression.

A comprehensive benchmarking of 19 histopathology foundation models finds that a vision-language foundation model outperforms vision-only models.

The developmental dynamics of distinct cell types across brain regions remain poorly understood. Here authors generate DevAtlas, a high-resolution developmental 3D atlas, mapping region and cell type-specific growth in GABAergic cells and microglia in early postnatal mouse brains.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Membrane budding plays pivotal roles in cellular processes, but a fully artificial system mimicking natural budding processes remains elusive. Here, the authors report a DNA origami-based membrane budding system that recapitulates key aspects of clathrin-mediated endocytosis without relying on components of cellular budding machineries.

Findings from a tectonically active mountain range show that soil production is driven by bottom-up rock weakening rather than by soil thickness, challenging long-held top-down models.

External Control Arm methods for clinical trials were developed to compare the efficacy of a treatment to a control group that is built with data from external sources. Here, the authors present FedECA, a privacy-enhancing method for analyzing treatment effects across institutions, streamlining multi-centric trial design and thereby accelerating drug development while minimizing patient data exposure.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The vibrissa follicle is a blood-filled encapsulated mechano-transducer, the structure of which has been difficult to resolve. Here, Gerhardt et al. reveal 3D follicle-afferents architecture and accessorial structures by synchrotron X-ray tomography.

We report a radical-based Ni/Ag-electrocatalytic cross-coupling of substituted carboxylic acids, enabling an approach to accessing complex molecular architectures, which relies on a silver additive that forms an active Ag nanoparticle-coated electrode surface along with carefully chosen ligands.

In this Perspective, the international PAINDIFF Network makes 13 recommendations for studying sex and gender as variables in preclinical, clinical and translational pain research that are applicable across the spectrum of biomedical and psychosocial research.

Cortical networks switch from asynchronous firing to sudden synchronized population events. Here, the authors show that differential excitatory short-term synaptic plasticity onto either excitatory or inhibitory targets establishes and shapes the dynamics of these population events.

The arts, according to a systematic synthesis of data from 95 studies (across 26 countries), may support non-communicable disease prevention by providing opportunities for increased physical activity, and helping to address social forces that contribute to health inequities.

Nixon-Abell et al. show that ANXA11 condensation on lysosomal membranes causes a coupled phase transition of the underlying lipids and mechanical stiffening of the overall ensemble involved in RNP granule-lysosome tethering and co-trafficking.

The ATP-dependent chromatin assembly factor (ACF) generates regularly spaced nucleosomes, but the mechanism by which ACF mobilizes nucleosomes remains poorly understood. Here, single-molecule FRET is used to monitor the remodelling of individual nucleosomes by ACF in real time; the study reveals previously unknown remodelling intermediates and dynamics, and indicates that ACF is a highly processive and bidirectional nucleosome translocase.

The authors uncover slow, facilitating inhibitory connections between serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe, refuting autoinhibition theories. This recurrence drives winner-take-all effects and nonlinear processing of threat-related inputs.

Self-powered graphene photodetectors based on the photothermoelectric effect (PTE) could provide low-noise operation in the telecom and mid-infrared ranges, but their bandwidth is usually limited. Here, the authors report the realization of PTE graphene photodetectors integrated with a metamaterial perfect absorber, showing a 3-dB bandwidth above 400 GHz.

A soft, finger-worn haptic interface consisting of four serpentine-structured shape memory alloy actuators can implement 11 distinct patterns of tactile sensations composed of shear, normal and circular rubbing forces.

Whether feedback circuits exert control over how parallel visual information is relayed is not fully understood. Here authors utilized optogenetics to causally manipulate the activity of identified neuronal circuits, and showed that cortical feedback in the visual system operates in at least two modes: to regulate spatial resolution in a pathway-specific manner and to control the timing of incoming visual signals generally.

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Here, Peters et al. report that Pseudomonas fluorescens protects Caenorhabditis elegans against pathogen infection via polyketide synthase-derived sphingolipids, uncovering a non-canonical bacterial sphingolipid synthesis pathway that modulates host metabolism.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

The study advances the use of serological surveys to guide trachoma elimination program decisions and provides a way to set thresholds for whether or not to continue an intervention program.

Surgical nerve injuries can cause significant morbidity, yet no approved fluorescent agents exist for visualization. Here, the authors show in a Phase I multi-site trial that bevonescein was safe, established optimal dosing and timing, and provided a fluorescence signal for intraoperative nerve identification.

Comparison of genome-wide association studies of HTT CAG repeat expansion in blood to expansion-driven clinical traits in Huntington’s disease identifies shared and distinct modifiers implicating DNA mismatch repair with tissue and cell-type specificity.

N-glycans on glycoRNAs prevent innate immune sensing of endogenous small RNAs, and the natural mechanism they use demonstrates how glycoRNAs exist on the cell surface and in the endosomal network without inducing autoinflammatory responses.

For architectures with local connectivity, the surface code has been the leading approach to constructing fault-tolerant logical qubits, but typically requires over 1000 physical qubits per logical qubit. Here, the authors introduce a hierarchical code that maintains the same connectivity requirements as the surface code while reducing the physical qubit overhead by up to a factor of three.

Large language models (LLMs) can synthesize vast amounts of information. Luo et al. show that LLMs—especially BrainGPT, an LLM the authors tuned on the neuroscience literature—outperform experts in predicting neuroscience results and could assist scientists in making future discoveries.

Pooling participant-level genetic data into a single analysis can result in variance stratification, reducing statistical performance. Here, the authors develop variant-specific inflation factors to assess variance stratification and apply this to pooled individual-level data from whole genome sequencing.