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Optical skyrmions can be generated in free space, but topologically protected information transfer requires skyrmions to be stable upon propagation through complex media. Here, authors demonstrate the topological resilience of classical and quantum optical skyrmions transmitted through experimentally simulated atmospheric turbulence.

Mislocalized and aggregated TDP-43 drives neurodegeneration in several diseases. The current work shows that RAD23A contributes to TDP-43 toxicity by driving pathological re-distribution of key proteins into an insoluble fraction of cells and thereby leading to loss of function phenotypes.

A comprehensive atlas platform integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Zhang et al. examine associations between wildfire-specific PM_2.5 and emergency department visits for mental disorders in children across 845 communities in Australia, Brazil and Canada over a 15-year period.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Current bacterial sgRNA activity models struggle with accurate predictions and generalizations. Here the authors report crisprHAL, a machine learning architecture that can be trained on existing datasets, and shows good sgRNA activity prediction accuracy can generalize predictions to different bacteria.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Researchers studied the blood-based metabolome of over 23,000 people from ten ethnically diverse cohorts. They identified 235 metabolites associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). By integrating genetic and modifiable lifestyle factors, their findings provide insights into T2D mechanisms and could improve risk prediction and inform precision prevention.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4) is frequently downregulated or mutated in cancers. Here the authors find that ALK4 loss promotes canonical TGF-β signaling and cancer progression through increasing TGF-β receptor N-linked glycosylation and subsequently stabilizing these receptors at the cell surface.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

The opium poppy has been a source of painkilling drugs synthesized by the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid pathway. Here, the authors report an improved genome assembly and reveal gene clustering and copy number variation in alkaloid metabolic pathways.

Rider, Grantham, Smith, Watson et al. integrate multiomic data from patients with psoriasis using dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques. This approach identifies biological relationships between genetic background, clinical features and disease severity, providing insight into disease variability across individuals.

This global study shows that short-term exposure to landscape fire sourced PM_2.5 increases hospital admissions for multiple diseases in children, especially those aged 5-9 years and in low-SES areas, highlighting the need for targeted protection.

Analysis of the longest-lived mammal, the bowhead whale, reveals an improved ability to repair DNA breaks, mediated by high levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein.   

Accurate cell-type identification is vital for single-cell analysis. Here, the authors develop a computational pipeline called “LungMAP CellRef” for efficient, automated cell-type annotation of normal and disease human and mouse lung single-cell datasets.

A transverse Peierls transition can occur when transverse acoustic phonons couple with conducting p-orbital electrons. Here, the authors observe an incommensurate transverse Peierls transition and signatures of a chiral charge density wave in EuAl₄.

Here the authors report NiGa₂O_4–x(OH)_y for light-driven CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. The surface Lewis acid–base pairs and -OH groups act as conduits for H^- /H⁺ transport to active sites, enhancing photocatalytic methanol production.

An ex vivo model and pre-clinical study in a brain-dead recipient provide enzyme-converted O organs to avoid hyperacute rejection in ABO-incompatible kidney transplant patients.

Reconstruction of seven sequential Rodinia large igneous provinces defines a basal mantle structure similar but different from that of Pangea, which implies partial regeneration of large low shearwave-velocity provinces through supercontinent cycles.

Electrical tactile sensors suffer from high energy consumption and signal interference. Here, the authors present a bioinspired self-powered optical tactile sensor that transduces pressure into light intensity for wireless tactile visualization.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

In situ methods for water quality monitoring is crucial for global water use and management, though many conventional sensors have slow response time and are non-recyclable. Here, the authors report a recyclable amphiphobic dielectric material for fast monitoring of water pollutants.

Alkaline-earth phenoxides show promise as optical cycling centres; however, their properties when connected to larger structures is unclear. Now it has been shown that their optical cycling remains efficient despite increasing molecular complexity, enabling the scaling of laser-coolable molecules toward larger structures and surface-bound quantum systems.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Wildfires are becoming increasingly frequent in several regions around the world due to climate change, posing serious health risks, especially for respiratory diseases. This study examines the respiratory health risk and burden of wildfire-specific PM_2.5 pollution across eight countries and territories.

Previous ophthalmic foundation models have struggled to generalize effectively to diverse and rare fundus diseases, restricting their clinical applicability. Here, the authors introduce a vision-language foundation model that demonstrates superior performance in diagnosing both common and rare fundus conditions.

PetaKit5D offers versatile processing workflows for light sheet microscopy data including performant image input/output, geometric transformations, deconvolution and stitching. The software is efficient and scalable to petabyte-size datasets.

Here the authors use a range of approaches to examine the interplay between genetic variants linked to risk for polygenic skin diseases and transcription factors (TFs) important for skin homeostasis. The findings implicate dysregulated binding of specific TF families in risk for diverse skin diseases.

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

The precise control of interfacial bonding between engineering materials and biological tissues is essential for in vivo uses but remains elusive. Here, the authors report an interface-enhanced strategy by spatial and temporal anchoring of magnetic nanostickers for controlled bioadhesive properties.

A recent synthesis study found 54% of the high-latitude peatlands have been drying and 32% have been wetting over the past centuries, illustrating their complex ecohydrological dynamics and highly uncertain responses to a warming climate.

Many of the current therapies for arthritis lack a targeted approach, limiting clinical benefits. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have enabled more precise and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents, particularly nucleic acids. Studies in 2025 emphasize the promise of these strategies for the treatment of various forms of arthritis.

The freshwater planarian S. mediterranea is an important model organism for regeneration research but its use in aging research is little explored and S. mediterranea is commonly referred to as immortal. Here Dai et al. report age-associated physiological and molecular changes in the sexual lineage of S. mediterranea, and global reversal of such changes after regeneration.

Malik, Guo et al. show that Ntrk2/Trkb-mediated neurotrophic signalling regulates dopamine levels by controlling glutathione–ascorbate metabolism, thus impacting striatal dopaminergic circuits and motor function

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.