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A recent randomised controlled trial demonstrated effectiveness of a smart pillbox for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence in men who have sex with men in China. Here, the authors show that the intervention is cost effective, with greater benefits for more socially vulnerable groups.

Cryogenic transport measurements of CsV₃Sb₅ nanobeams show a zero-field Josephson diode effect and radio-frequency rectification with power-dependent quantized voltage output.

Thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) was identified as a synthetic-lethal target in p53-deficient cancers through alterations in double-stranded RNA accumulation. A covalent small-molecule inhibitor of TDG exhibited potent efficacy against p53-deficient tumors.

Circadian rhythms shape epidermal stem cell fate by regulating rhythmic gene expression in human EPSCs. ZFP42 maintains stemness by sustaining CRY1 expression, promoting proliferation and restraining differentiation to preserve epidermal homeostasis.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Twisted two-dimensional materials are materials with fascinating properties. Here, the authors report on the incorporation of a crystallographically incompatible rotation element into two dimensional polymers to construct twist-stacked covalent organic framework nanofibers with interesting chiroptical properties.

The NSUN family, comprising seven members, is the primary RNA m5C methyltransferase in higher eukaryotes. Here, the authors demonstrate that NSUN7 is a catalytically inactive RNA m5C protein due to sequence variations in its motif IV. Instead, the authors reveal a noncatalytic, regulatory role of NSUN7 in sperm flagellum assembly.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Polysubstituted arenes are ubiquitous structural cores in natural products and drugs but their synthesis through programmable arene modification remains a challenge. Now, a palladium- and norbornene-catalysed Catellani-type reaction of aryl ketones, through successive acylation and deacylation, allows the synthesis of polysubstituted arenes.

Electrochemical carbon capture provides a sustainable method for effective carbon management. Here, the authors develop a modular porous solid electrolyte reactor system, achieving continuous carbon capture from air and flue gases through a recirculation mode with high efficiency and stability.

Thermal stability remains a key challenge for organic photovoltaics. Qin et al. now propose a strategy that stabilizes multiple components of the devices, enhancing their resilience under damp heat and thermal cycling conditions.

Metazoans have evolved endocrine systems that signal through dimerized receptors in response to cognate hormones. These authors characterize a nematode homolog of such human receptors, presenting the cryo-EM structure of an asymmetric dimer that embodies properties of the human receptors.

The realization of high efficiency and negligible roll-off simultaneously for blue organic light-emitting diodes remains challenging. Here, the authors incorporate carbazole building blocks into rigid boron oxygen framework and achieve a maximum efficiency of 41.2% for sensitizer-free devices.

Extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from wastewater is essential for the growth of an eco-friendly sustainable economy but separating individual rare earth elements remains challenging. Here, the authors report a REE nanotrap that features dense uncoordinated carboxyl groups and triazole N atoms in a two-fold interpenetrated metalorganic framework which is highly responsive to the size variation of rareearth ions.

A high-κ dielectric ceramic, magnesium niobate, can be epitaxially grown on a mica substrate and then transferred to form the gate dielectric in molybdenum disulfide transistors, providing van der Waals interfaces and high robustness to temperature and voltage.

Insects colonized with Metarhizium fungi emit longifolene to lure new hosts for infection to disperse spores. A fungal strain was engineered to emit longifolene to attract and eliminate mosquitoes.

Superconducting Nanowires on Silicon Waveguide Achieve 99.73% Single-Photon Detection Efficiency, Enabling Precision Quantum Measurement on Scalable Integrated Platforms.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is a drug target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), impacting immune cell movement, but current treatments carry immunosuppression risks. Here, the authors show that a Gi-biased S1PR1 agonist, SAR247799, protects the endothelial barrier in IBD models without affecting immune cell egress, offering a potential new treatment strategy.

RNA molecules fold into structures vital for their function, but most RNA language models ignore this. Here, the authors present ERNIE-RNA, a structure-aware language model that naturally learns RNA architecture, outperforming existing tools in structural prediction and functional analysis.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Histone crotonylation is implicated in transcriptional regulation. Here, the authors perform genome-wide mapping of histone crotonylation in mouse and human early embryos. Suppression of histone crotonylation results in developmental arrest at 2-cell stage due to impaired transcriptional activity. Embryos from aged female mice exhibit diminished histone crotonylation, while sodium crotonate supplementation facilitates blastocyst formation.

Achieving room-temperature blackbody-sensitive photodetectors with an ultrabroadband response is challenging. Here, the authors report a bioinspired detector using the 2D flat-band quantum material Nb3I8 that enables sensitive detection from the shortwave to the very long-wave infrared.

The authors propose a design that equips a programmable metasurface with integrated capability for sensing and manipulating electromagnetic waves, allowing it to leverage the environmental information to enhance wireless system performance in complex environments.

The association between triglyceride (TG) and mortality remains controversial in individuals with heart failure (HF). Here the authors show a U-shaped association where high TG levels are associated with ASCVD-related admission or death and lower TG levels are associated with HF-related readmission or death.

Biocatalytic methods for the synthesis of chiral cyclohexenones bearing quaternary stereocentres through oxidation and reduction reactions are reported. Mechanistic studies reveal the role of active-site residues in the oxidation process and inform the development of the enzymatic reduction reaction.

A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

CD133 and Notch1 double-positive GSCs were preferentially located along Jagged1-expressing white matter tracts, which exhibited a demyelinated phenotype. The NOTCH1–SOX9–SOX2 positive-feedback loop controls GSC invasion along white matter tracts.

Sequencing of haploid sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, allows assembly of a prototypical version of the sugarcane chromosome set. This new reference genome will serve as a resource to accelerate sugarcane improvement.

The molecular mechanism for invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome (IKPLAS) remains poorly studied. Here, the authors demonstrate that the elevated blood lactate level is an independent predictor of IKPLAS by enhancing the virulence of K. pneumoniae via the PTS-CRP axis.

The authors use an easily available Brønsted acid and zinc triflate as a cooperative catalyst system for methanol activation, inspired by an analogous system used in microorganisms for the same task.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.