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Achalasia is a rare condition characterised by inability to swallow. Here, the authors use whole-genome sequencing to identify a FAM129C variant associated with the disease and characterise B cell responses towards the GABA-A receptor in a mouse model expressing that variant.

Drug-resistant wound treatment requires adaptive response to the microenvironment. Here, authors develop a pH-responsive hydrogel therapy incorporating an IrPtCu nanozyme to sequentially eliminate pathogens and promote tissue regeneration.

Malaria parasite resistance to ACT-451840 is linked to mutations in the transporter PfMDR1. Here, authors present cryo-EM structure of PfMDR1, revealing the molecular basis for drug recognition and how specific mutations confer clinical resistance.

Polymeric nanoparticles are promising non-lipid-based drug delivery vehicles. However, their clinical translation is limited by poor drug loading capacity and suboptimal delivery efficiency. Here, the authors address these issues by developing Polymeric Coacervate Core Micelles that can efficiently self-assemble and load drug candidates via a “Mix-and-Go” approach.

A ZnO/CuO catalyst featuring dual-site cooperative framework for polymerization-based wastewater treatment. Zn sites preferentially adsorb/activate organics, whereas Cu sites predominantly activate the oxidant, showcasing atomic-scale design to reactor-scale implementation.

Functional genomics annotations can be used to improve genomic predictions, but it is challenging to do so effectively. Here, the authors develop an adaptive model called IFAM to address this problem and validate it in five datasets.

Time-division multiplexing in a metropolitan-scale quantum repeater is demonstrated. Heralded entanglement between remote quantum memories is implemented over a distance of 14.5 km, generating a Bell state with a fidelity of 78.6% with a Bell inequality violation of S = 2.22.

Here, the authors develop an autophagy-targeting influenza A virus attenuated vaccine that leverages the host autophagy machinery to manipulate viral protein degradation. This attenuated virus vaccine is able to elicit robust humoral, mucosal and cellular immune responses.

Bile acids, including glycocholic acid (GCA), have been associated to poor prognosis and cancer progression. Here, the authors discover that GCA inactivation of FXR reduces CD8 + T cell-mediated antitumor response in colorectal cancer.

The study of quasicrystals has revealed unique material properties that challenge traditional notions of order and symmetry in solids, prompting interest in their potential applications in advanced materials. Here, authors demonstrate the experimental realization of large-scale pattern formation in soft quasicrystals through mechanical loading, revealing a multiscale transformation process that can be finely tuned by adjusting initial local chirality and porosity.

Microplastic-oil co-contaminants are environmentally concerning, though conventional membranes are typically designed for single pollutant removals. Here the authors design a membrane using a sodium periodate-assisted co-deposition of caffeic acid and ε-polylysine method for the removal of complex mixtures from water.

The authors report that engineering one-dimensional donor length in covalent heptazine frameworks creates twin molecular junctions, which enable fast charge separation, long-lived charge-separated states, and efficient H₂O₂ photosynthesis.

Using satellite data and interpretable machine learning, the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles was shown to reduce particulate matter particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less and carbon monoxide in Chinese cities, preventing 262,000 non-accidental deaths and 75,000 all-cause deaths.

Cancer patients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, the authors find that cancer patients demonstrate different trajectories of relevant biomarkers over time and those with specific trajectories of glucose, albumin, and uric acid have an increased risk of CVD.

Emerging evidence suggests that organs age at different rates. This study identifies a mechanism by which the naturally hypoxic intervertebral disc ages relatively slowly, via selective autophagy of HIF-1α, and designs a small molecule to export this mechanism across tissues.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

NatD is an acetyltransferase responsible for N-α-terminal acetylation of the histone H4 and H2A and has been linked to cell growth. Here the authors show that NatD-mediated acetylation of histone H4 serine 1 competes with the phosphorylation by CK2α at the same residue thus leading to the upregulation of Slug and tumor progression.

AlphaFold’s success in protein structure predictions has led to similar attempts to predict interactomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that AI-based screens are very limited in discovering truly novel interactions compared to experimental screens, exposing open challenges in interaction prediction.

Bridged bicyclic frameworks are valuable in medicinal chemistry but difficult to access from simple saturated precursors. In situ generation of cyclic 1,3-dienes from unactivated carboxylic acids remains challenging. Now it has been shown that ligand-guided Pd(II) C–H activation enables multi-step diene formation for highly selective formal Diels–Alder reactions.

Assessment of the metagenome and bile acid profiles of two paediatric sepsis cohorts combined with extensive in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments revealed that a gut microbe, Enterococcus raffinosus, is a primary producer of deoxycholic acid 3-sulfate, which has a protective role against sepsis in mouse models.

Directed evolution remains largely untapped for probiotic optimization, despite its promise for human health maintenance and disease therapy. Here the authors evolve B. lactis in vivo in germ-free mice for enhanced bile acid-metabolizing capacity via a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Point-of-care reverse blood grouping and antibody titration are hindered by the need for cold-chain reagents and manual dilutions. Here the authors develop a paper-based assay that uses engineered red blood cell membranes which exhibit long-term stability at room temperature, allowing accurate ABO typing and antibody titers in minutes.

A platform combining site-specific probe orientation with scalable In₂O₃ field-effect transistors enables attomolar, serum-compatible detection of endometrial cancer biomarkers, offering a portable and highly sensitive foundation for accessible point-of-care cancer diagnostics.

A new Matteson-type homologation method inserts carbon units into boronic esters using electrochemistry.

Here the authors identify a tumor immunoevasion mechanism in which tumor cells release branched-chain amino acid metabolites that can bind and activate Notch on tumor-associated macrophages, reprogramming these cells to be immunosuppressive.

Achieving high power scaling in ultrawide bandgap electronics remains challenging. Here, the authors present a Ga₂O₃ module using a high permittivity interface that enables fast megawatt pulsed switching with improved thermal performance.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Zhao et al. develop a microwell cell-chip-based culture platform that enables high-throughput generation of micro-tumourspheres and enrichment of functional cancer stem cells from biopsies obtained from patients with breast cancer, facilitating personalized drug testing.

Prior hypoglycemia alters the paracrine interaction between islet α and δ cells, leading to impaired counter-regulatory glucagon secretion through somatostatin hypersecretion, increasing the risk of recurrent hypoglycemia.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Emu3 enables large-scale text, image and video learning based solely on next-token prediction, matching the generation and perception performance of task-specific methods, with implications for the development of scalable and unified multimodal intelligence systems.

Blue light promotes DNA repair in plants via cryptochrome signalling. Here the authors report that this occurs via suppression of COP1 mediated degradation of the repair factor ADA2b and propose that together photoreceptors and COP1 balance genome stability with growth under fluctuating light.

Molecular organometallic catalysts typically struggle to activate only one of two identical C–H bonds in arenes for mono-selective C–H activation. Now mono-selectivity has been achieved for Pd(II)-catalysed ortho- or meta-C–H activations using commercial proteins or designed peptides as ligands.

This work effectively addresses the long-standing challenge of competitive kinetics in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems through the synergistic interaction between nitrogen vacancies (Nv) and Fe sites on carbon nitride.

Mower, Wan et al. introduce ROS-LLM, an open-source system that lets non-experts control robots with natural language, learn new skills from demonstrations and feedback, and automatically tune actions for reliable performance in real-world tasks.

Wu et al. investigated the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib plus sintilimab in 34 Chinese patients with advanced cervical cancer. The study finds that 32% of patients responded to the combination treatment and disease was controlled in 97%; side effects were manageable.