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Tree cover gains in the moist tropics (1982–2015) were 56% naturally regenerated forests and 27% managed tree systems, with forest type influencing carbon recovery. Effective forest restoration requires robust tracking of forest types established by restoration efforts.

In Li-mediated electrochemical N₂ reduction to ammonia, selectivity and activity are governed by the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This study reveals how the applied potential shapes the SEI properties and composition, thereby influencing reaction performance.

Electrochromic materials are widely explored in energy-saving smart windows, yet combining fast switching, neutral black coloration, and robust long-term durability remains challenging. Here the authors report a solution processed n-doped poly(benzodifurandione) affording an electrochromic black window that overcomes these limitations.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

A magnetoresistance effect that occurs in a platinum layer deposited on a magnon junction consisting of two insulating magnetic yttrium iron garnet layers separated by an antiferromagnetic nickel oxide spacer layer could be used to create spintronic and magnonic devices that are free from Joule heating.

Here they demonstrate a therapeutic intervention elevating levels of CYP450-derived lipids to control the expansion of intermediate monocytes in tissue and peripheral blood, presenting a first in class therapeutic approach for treating chronic inflammatory disease.

deepmriprep leverages neural networks to enable voxel-based morphometry preprocessing of MRI data that is 37× faster than existing methods while achieving comparable accuracy in segmentation, registration and final statistical maps across large datasets.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

This research creates a terahertz plasmonic gradient metasurface for miniaturized spectroscopy. It enables continuous, broad spectral sensing without scanning, allowing real-time, label-free identification of multiple biomolecules.

A RuO₂/glass metasurface with low temperature coefficient of resistance is proposed based on tunneling effect. The metasurfaces show ultra-robust broadband microwave absorption at extreme environments up to 1000 °C.

The authors demonstrate dual-probe multi-messenger imaging of high-energy-density plasmas based on laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. This enables spatiotemporally resolved simultaneous probing of plasma hydrodynamics and electromagnetic field evolution with both x-ray and electron beams.

Mechanisms for generating spin-polarized currents may be helpful for applications. Now one such mechanism that uses the unusual Landau-level spectrum of WSe₂ under a strong magnetic field is demonstrated.

Adaptive microwave surfaces can dynamically adjust their electromagnetic transmission to meet specific needs, being potentially useful in reconfigurable communication systems. Here, the authors use temperature induced break and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds to drive the orientational motion and charge mobility of an ionic liquid in a polymer leading to the controllable modulation of dielectric properties at microwave frequencies.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are promising for sustainable energy storage but challenged in low temperatures. Here, authors develop a gradient chaotropic ionic liquid-based aqueous electrolyte design that enables dendrite-free operation and robust low-temperature performance (to −40 °C).

Owing to electron localization, two-dimensional materials are not expected to be metallic at low temperatures, but a field-induced quantum metal phase emerges in NbSe₂, whose behaviour is consistent with the Bose-metal model.

Here the authors report an allotrope to the nanocarbon family, Graphene-P-phenyl-Graphene, for potassium-ion batteries.

Engineering catalyst interfaces plays a key role in designing supported metal systems. Here, the authors report that Ni nanoparticles redisperse from SiO₂ to molybdenum carbide, forming dual interfaces that enhance tandem CO₂ hydrogenation.

Via high-throughput imaging and tracking over 140 million single mycobacteria, the authors show that drug- and strain-specific killing predict treatment outcomes, with potential to improve drug development and personalized therapy.

Here the authors immobilize quaternary ammonium cations on the surface of Cu catalyst to suppress the carbonate precipitation, achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 50% for ethylene product at 200 mA/cm² from CO₂ electroreduction.

This study investigates a calcium-permeable AMPAR–gated microcircuit in the nucleus accumbens during social bonding in prairie voles. By showing that disrupting calcium-permeable AMPAR signaling impairs ensemble-level encoding despite increasing single-neuron selectivity, the work reveals how coordinated ensemble dynamics transform social interaction into enduring attachment.

RNAi therapy has huge potential but effective delivery to target location is a major issue. Here, the authors report on the delivery of RNAi to tumors using self-agglomerating nanohydrogels that can overcome the different delivery barriers and supply multiple RNAi payloads.

The mainstream passivation strategies routinely rely on crystalline materials for perovskite photovoltaics. Here, authors utilize a solid phase reaction to prepare an amorphous (lysine)₂PbI₂ layer to neutralize surface and interface defects, achieving device efficiency of over 26% for solar cells.

A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

In terahertz sideband generation, an electron–hole pair is accelerated in a semiconductor by a terahertz field to then recombines forming a frequency comb, but so far experimental realizations have relied on the large fields of free electron lasers. Here, Crosse et al.propose bi-layer graphene for sideband generation at lower fields.

Scanning dielectric microscopy of nanocapillaries filled with water reveals that interfacial and strongly confined water exhibits a large in-plane dielectric constant and an in-plane conductivity approaching superionic values. 

In this study, the authors study the regolith thickness at the Chang’E-5 region on the Moon. Based on this, they infer an increased small impactor for this area, being about 1.2-1.6 times higher than previously estimated.

The disordered molecular aggregation of non-fullerene acceptors in nonhalogenated solvents limits the performance of organic solar cells. Here, the authors apply an ultrasound field to induce J aggregation of molecules, achieving maximum efficiency of 20.41% for o-xylene-processed ternary devices.

Optoelectronic synapses are crucial for advanced visual systems but are hindered by limited storage memory. Here, the authors propose organic photoelectrochemical transistor array capable of multi-level memories for neuromorphic visual computing.

The LGN is a critical stage between the retina and visual cortex, but the properties of human LGN neurons are not fully understood. Here the authors report that they closely resemble those in monkeys and that closure of one eye increases the activity of putative inhibitory neurons connected to that eye.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

The role of protein UFMylation in cancer remains to be understood. Here the authors show that UFM1-specific ligase 1 and AKT positively regulate each other through UFMylation and phosphorylation in breast cancer cells, which could be therapeutically targeted by a cell-penetrating peptide through disrupting UFL1-AKT interaction.

Interactions between the atmosphere and ocean are mediated by the mixed layer at the ocean surface. Analyses of ocean temperature and salinity data from Argo floats show that changes in the Southern Annular Mode, including recent and projected trends attributed to human activity, drive variations in mixed-layer depth in the Southern Ocean.

The suboptimal performance of perovskite solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptor as the electron-transporting layer underscores the need for their molecular engineering. Here, authors substitute the core of Y6 with phenanthroline and crown ether, achieving a certified efficiency of 25.59%.

Development and application of the integrated linkage disequilibrium score (iLDS) reveals both selective pressures impacting the human gut microbiome and the mechanisms by which gut bacteria adapt to meet them.

There is a current void in understanding quantum learning advantages between two extreme cases (exponential advantage for uniform distributions, no advantage for adversarial distributions). Lewis et al. design an efficient quantum algorithm for learning periodic neurons over non-uniform distributions of classical data and show that this is hard for a broad class of classical algorithms, resulting in an exponential quantum advantage.

How inflammation spreads from the skin to the joints in psoriatic disease is unclear. Here, the authors show that joint-resident fibroblasts can control differentiation of infiltrating skin-derived myeloid precursors that can become inflammatory macrophages.

Specific pain-sensing nociceptors and chemosensory tuft cells form a circuit to promote type 2 immune responses in the intestine.

Fluorine-containing binders in battery dry electrode processing raise environmental concerns regarding restrictions on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Here, authors show that a fluorine-free binder, Parafilm, can be an alternative to enable primer-free high-loading electrodes with stable cycling for sustainable lithium-ion batteries.

Bacteria secrete polysaccharides essential for colonization and infections. Here, the authors reveal the structure and mechanism of WzaB, a Class-3 OPX protein, uncovering a distinct trans-envelope secretion complex driving critical polysaccharide export in diderm bacteria.

Nanopores in two-dimensional materials are arousing considerable interest as filtration membranes to solve the problem of providing fresh water to a growing population. Here, the authors evaluate the potential of single-layer MoS₂to effectively reject salt ions whilst maintaining high flow rates.

Ionic liquid additives increase the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells, but their effect on perovskite crystallization remains unclear. Xu et al. provide mechanistic insights and demonstrate improved operational stability under continous illumination and 90 °C thermal stress.

Electron-induced light, cathodoluminescence, enables nanoscale optical analysis across disciplines. Here, the authors achieve multicolor cathodoluminescence imaging of sub-15-nm lanthanide nanoparticles and demonstrate its application for bioimaging.

Achieiving dynamic light-structure-light feedback loops is challenging, but has potential in the design of optical materials. Here, the authors report the use of a self-adaptive growth strategy for the preparation of materials with ordered photonic crystal structures in perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer films.

This research develops a direct-current triboiontronic nanogenerator by dynamically controlling asymmetric electrical double layer formation, achieving a transferred charge density of 412.54 mC/m². Incorporating redox reactions enhances the peak power and charge density to 38.64 W/m² and 540.70 mC/m².

Nitryl chloride, an active halogen, can be produced through the night-time reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with chloride-containing aerosol in the polluted marine boundary, and has been measured at levels that are sufficient to affect the photochemistry of oxidants off the southwestern US coast and near Houston, Texas.