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Fine-scale field analysis and modelling of the spatial dynamics of infection of Darwin’s frogs with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis fungus identifies highly localized transmission dynamics that generate clustered epidemics and can drive collapse of local subpopulations.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

This work presents a global wind power simulation tool that uses high-resolution data and extensive validation to improve accuracy. It corrects wind speed biases and validates against real-world data, enhancing reliability for wind energy assessments across various scales and regions.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Magnetic nodal-line semimetals, with their unique gapless crossings, hold promise for advancing spintronics and information technologies, yet remain scarce. Here, the authors identify ferromagnetic hexagonal close-packed cobalt as a prototypical system for exploring nodal-line fermiology at room temperature, revealing its complex nodal structures and highly tunable spin textures.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Oat is an important food crop, but the genetic diversity within the gene pool remains unclear. Here, the authors report the analyses of worldwide diversity and population structure of hexaploid oat, and identify signatures of structural rearrangements within the germplasm collection.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

Living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) is a promising strategy to construct well-defined supramolecular nanostructures but precise control over polymerization remains challenging. Here, a cation−π-dominated pathway regulation strategy is proposed enabling the effective regulation of the kinetic and thermodynamic energy landscapes in LSP by dynamically switching various aromatic cation−π bonding modes.

Pampols-Perez et al. identify the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO2 as a novel marker for embryonic coronary artery endothelial cells and as a critical regulator of coronary vascular remodeling. They show that in a distinct subset of coronary endothelial cells, PIEZO2 translates mechanically activated ionic currents into biological signals guiding coronary artery morphogenesis.

Analysis of data from multiple instruments reveals a giant exoplanet in orbit around the 0.2-solar-mass star TOI-6894. The existence of this exoplanetary system challenges assumptions about planet formation and it is an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.

A pangenome of oat, assembled from 33 wild and domesticated oat lines, sheds light on the evolution and genetic diversity of this cereal crop and will aid genomics-assisted breeding to improve productivity and sustainability.

Observations of a fast X-ray transient reveal that it is a gamma-ray-burst explosion from a very distant galaxy that emits light with the wavelength necessary to drive cosmic reionization, the last major phase change in the history of the Universe.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

On-surface synthesis of nanographenes proceeds differently on metals than on semiconductors or insulating substrates. Here, the authors perform substrate type-independent chemistry with atomic hydrogen acting as a catalyst in the intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation reaction of polyarenes, yielding atomically precise nanographenes.

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

The influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation on Atlantic marine systems and fisheries is complex. This Review outlines the mechanisms by which El Niño–Southern Oscillation impacts the tropical and South Atlantic, connecting physical climate perturbations to biogeochemical and ecological responses.

The antidepressant vortioxetine affects rodent and human 5-HT₃ receptors differently. López-Sánchez et al. use a variety of methods, including structure determination of vortioxetine-bound human and mouse 5-HT₃ receptors, to reveal the basis of these differences.

Precise surface modification of titanium dioxide is useful for numerous applications. Here, the authors report that high ion dose bombardment transforms the surface of titanium dioxide (110) into single-crystalline titanium oxide (001) thin film, unlike previous lower energy ion bombardment studies.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is key for metabolic balance. Here, the authors show that RAP250 deficiency enhances BAT activity. Under these conditions, BAT-derived neuritin-1 regulates thermogenesis and fat metabolism, showing therapeutic promise for obesity and metabolic disorders.

A giant planet candidate roughly the size of Jupiter but more than 14 times as massive is observed by TESS and other instruments to be transiting the white dwarf star WD 1856+534.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

Heteroatom insertions into chemically inert carbon–carbon single bonds are rare compared to their unsaturated analogues. Now, ligand-to-metal charge transfer offers a promising entry point for oxygen atom insertion into saturated carbocyclic scaffolds.

The mechanism of the charge density wave in kagome metals is under intense debate. Here, by using a combination of diffuse scattering and inelastic x-ray scattering, the authors show that the charge density wave transition in (Cs,Rb)V₃Sb₅ is of the order-disorder type.

Here, the authors find that BMAL1, best known for controlling the body clock, partners with TRIM28 in naïve pluripotent stem cells to repress retrotransposons.

Fresh ice grains from Enceladus’s plume were analysed during the highest-speed fly-by of the Cassini spacecraft. Organic compounds with a range of chemical structures were discovered, suggesting comprehensive subsurface chemistry on Enceladus.

Imidazole propionate produced by gut microbiota is associated with atherosclerosis in mouse models and in humans, and causes the development of atherosclerosis through activation of the imidazoline-1 receptor in myeloid cells.

This study assessed COVID-19 social science preprints’ replicability using structured groups. Both beginners and more-experienced participants used a elicitation protocol to make better-than-chance predictions about the reliability of research claims under high uncertainty.

Crop wild relatives’ genetic diversity is usually not considered in conservation planning. Here, the authors introduce an approach to identify conservation areas based on evolutionary and threat processes, by developing proxies of genetic differentiation, and including taxa’s habitat preferences.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

An elongate body plan has evolved multiple times through the addition of more vertebras or an increase in their length. In this study, Maxwell et al. describe a new mechanism of body elongation in a saurichthyid: doubling the number of dorsal arches without an increase in the number of myomeres.

The SPECULOOS project detected an Earth-sized planet in a short orbit around a nearby Jupiter-sized star. This planet, SPECULOOS-3 b, is one of the most promising rocky exoplanets for detailed emission spectroscopy characterization with JWST.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Researchers observe directional strong coupling on the nanoscale between hyperbolic phonon polaritons and pentacene molecules.

CLPB is a protein disaggregase that has been linked to human disease. Here, the authors show that in different models of chronic or acute loss of the mitochondrial disaggregase, mitochondrial Ca²⁺ handling and fusion dynamics are impaired, revealing their dependence on CLPB.

Drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer treatment. Here, the authors identify Connexin43 as target that enhances BRAF/MEKi efficacy by interfering with DNA repair pathways, overcoming drug resistance. They develop an mRNA therapy that improves efficacy and sensitizes resistant cells.

The 2023 monkeypox outbreak was caused by a subclade IIb monkeypox virus (MPXV). Here, using advanced sequencing techniques, the authors identify variations on low-complexity regions of the MPXV genome and describe their potential as evolutionary drivers.

Petroni et al. report that the infiltration of IL-17A-secreting γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment coupled with the accumulation of immunosuppressive macrophages is associated with resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibition in HR⁺HER2⁻ breast cancer.