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ATG5 expression in neutrophils counters type I interferon signalling and downstream activation of neutrophil swarming and NET release to limit disease severity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Liu et al. developed a platform to identify transcription factors (TFs) that turn stem cells into desired cell types. They discovered six key TFs that produce microglia efficiently, enhancing cell differentiation methods.

Lee et al. show that the circadian clock protein REV-ERBα controls brain NAD⁺ levels by regulating the NAD⁺-consuming enzyme CD38. Global or astrocytic REV-ERBα deletion or pharmacologic REV-ERB inhibition protects against tau pathology in mice.

Spatially segregated rRNA processing dictates nucleolar morphology and drives outward progression of pre-ribosomal RNA through nucleolar phases.

Gut microbiota-derived succinate promotes CitC succinyltransferase-dependent succinylation of PurR to alleviate T3SS repression and promote virulence in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

Here the authors show a function for lymph nodes in the maintenance of effector T cell differentiation and function during chronic infection and checkpoint blockade, identifying a spatial component in the regulation of exhausted T cell fitness.

Hegazy and colleagues demonstrate that epithelial oncostatin M receptor expression drives gut inflammation and tumor formation.

Crohn’s disease is associated with altered intestinal microbiota. Here, the authors show that the microbe Atopobium parvulumis associated with Crohn’s disease patients, triggers colitis in a mouse model, and that scavenging microbe-induced hydrogen sulfide improved symptoms in mice.

Biomarkers in biofluids are widely used for medical diagnosis, but their use is limited by accessibility. Here the authors present a stretchable wearable sensor allowing in situ detection of solid-state biomarkers on human skin, hence avoiding biofluid acquisition.

Toxoplasma gondii RNA triphosphatase, the first enzyme in mRNA capping machinery, is essential and has a completely different structure and mechanism compared to the human RNA ortholog, making RNA triphosphatase a promising therapeutic target for toxoplasmosis.

RELMβ mediates a gut immune–epithelial circuit regulating tolerance to food antigens, offering targetable candidates for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.

The interactions between tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and tumor cell aggregates remain to be investigated. Here, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal the cellular composition, formation, and function of TLS during tumour progression and immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

RNA-guided, CRISPR-associated transposons hold great promise for precision genome editing. Here, the authors provide genetic, biochemical and structural data how their activity is regulated in situ by CvkR, an unusual MerR family regulator.

Single-cell transcriptional profiling of primary human synovial sarcoma tumors suggests that combinatorial treatment with HDAC and CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors could enhance tumor immunogenicity.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is often transmitted to infants through breast milk. Here, in a cohort of exclusively breastfeeding full-term mother-infant pairs, the authors identify changes in milk composition, infant growth, and the infant gut microbiome associated with the presence of CMV in milk.

Recently, strategies based on the integration of nanotechnology with microbial carriers have been proposed for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the design of an ultrasound-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system for IDO1 silencing compounded with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, showing the induction of anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models.

Despite being an important driver of a subset of medulloblastomas, efforts to therapeutically target Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, such as with the use of Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors, have had limited success. Here, the authors find that SHH medulloblastomas are sensitive to netrin-1 inhibition and investigate netrin-1 as a mechanism of resistance to SMO inhibition.

The authors report shotgun sequences from airborne environmental DNA samples, identifying local biodiversity and enabling deeper analysis of specific species and genomic regions of interest.

The laser pulses that drive most laser wakefield accelerators have wavelengths near 1 micrometer and peak power > 100 terawatts. Here, the authors drive plasma wakes with 10 micrometer, 2-terawatt pulses, yielding relativistic electron beams with a collimated, narrow-energy-bandwidth component.

An RNA codon-expansion strategy enables incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins of interest orthogonally to existing methods by inserting pseudouridine codons into specific mRNA transcripts and using an engineered decoder tRNA.

Exploring genomic data from contemporary and 191 Arabidopsis thaliana herbarium specimens collected over 193 years, the authors identify signs of local adaptation in regulators of stomatal development in contemporary samples from different geographic regions, then use functional scoring to identify a genetic component contributing to this change.

Auxin can promote or inhibit hypocotyl elongation. This biphasic effect has puzzled generations of plant biologists. Wang et al. shows that the decreasing apoplastic pH, stimulated by auxin, underlies the change in hypocotyl growth response.

The chromatin-remodelling enzyme ATRX and the transcription factor HNF4A are identified as pivotal regulators of colonic epithelial identity, with roles in metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) delivering mRNA after intratumoral administration could be a promising cancer treatment strategy. Here this group reports the intratumoral delivery of mRNA with LNPs inducing the expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and inhibiting the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vivo.

Slide-tags enables multiomic sequencing of single cells and their localization within tissues.

MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma remains an aggressive childhood cancer with its core regulatory circuits less understood. Here, the authors identify that the transcriptional corepressor Runx1t1 is indispensable for MYCN-driven neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.

In situ cryoEM and modelling of the Campylobacter jejuni flagellar motor characterize the periplasmic scaffold and the structural basis for increased torque generation.

An efficient cooling mechanism for nanoscale mechanical resonators would help improve their properties for use in sensing applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a strong interaction between NV centres and a resonator and show how it could be harnessed to achieve a large cooling rate.

A ketogenic diet can reduce calorie absorption and protect against obesity by inducing changes to the gut microbiota and the bile acid pool.

Iniquitate quantifies the effects of cell type imbalance on single-cell RNA sequencing data integration.

Leukapheresis is prohibitive in newborns due to the large extracorporeal volume. Here, the authors develop a microfluidic device to perform leukapheresis on whole blood at clinically relevant flow rates and show its safety and efficacy in animals.

Paiardini and colleagues describe a subset of lymph node HIV- and SIV-specific TOX^hiTCF1⁺CD39⁺CD8⁺ T cells that coexhibit stem- and effector-like phenotypic and transcriptional profiles and associate with reduced viral burden.

FRB 20221022A, detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst project, shows a pronounced change in polarization during the burst, providing important clues into the nature of the source.

Valero-Muñoz, Saw et al. apply a translational model in which adult cardiac myocytes are exposed to serum from people with HIV before and after initiation of ART. The authors identify distinct molecular signatures, indicating that HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy engage separate biological pathways that may precede diastolic dysfunction and the development of HFpEF.

In osteoporosis, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate, but their functions are not well understood. Here, Lin et al. show that BMAds promote senescence in neighbouring cells by releasing excess fatty acids, then develop a BMAd targeting nanoparticle to interfere with BMAd lipid metabolism as a strategy to treat osteoporosis.

A set of neurons in the peri-locus coeruleus region controls arousal and avoidance states, providing an understanding of the neurobiological basis of arousal and exploratory behaviours.

This study shows that by enhancing internal complexity of neurons in a Hodgkin–Huxley network, similar performance to larger, simpler networks can be achieved, suggesting an alternative path for powerful AI systems by focusing on neuron complexity.

Modest weight gain leads to greater adverse metabolic consequences in South Asian compared to European men, in part driven by differences in adipocyte morphology.

A study describes the assembly and analysis of a haplotype-resolved pangenome of bulbous barley with the potential to improve domesticated barley and illustrates its use in evolutionary research and trait mapping.

Here the authors define an inter-protomeric mechanism of deglycosylation of human IgG antibodies for corynebacterial IgG-specific ENGases and demonstrate that in vivo CU43 treatment preserve the neutralizing capacity of anti-influenza IgG antibodies.

A prophylactic cancer vaccine consisting of commercial adjuvants wrapped by membranes from pluripotent stem cells inhibited tumour progression in mice, owing to shared antigens between tumour membranes and the pluripotent stem cell membranes.

The authors provide a physical description for condensates as complex fluids defined by small-world network structures for their interiors, and of interfaces featuring a preference of locally and globally expanded conformations.

The authors integrate artificial intelligence with laboratory automation to create a widely applicable autonomous platform for efficient and scalable enzyme engineering.