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Achieving high resolution with optical neural interfaces is challenging. Here, the authors developed and chronically implanted 100-pixel microLED arrays on the surface of the mouse auditory cortex for optogenetic behavioural experiements.

Most active particles studied to date lack the ability to undergo controlled shape transformations and control over their propulsion in response to environmental stimuli. Here, the authors present a class of active particles made from stimuli-responsive materials that exhibit fully reversible shape-dependent propulsion.

Optical neural network processors offering benefits in bandwidth and energy consumption but problems in scaling and parallelism. The author presenting a novel optical tensor processor capable of optically performing large-scale, high-speed matrix-matrix multiplication in a single step.

Guided by density functional theory, a commercially viable refractory alloy is developed, which exhibits excellent room-temperature ductility and strength, and high strength at elevated temperatures.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans facilitate the assembly of clusters of glycoRNAs and cell surface RNA-binding proteins, which negatively modulate VEGF-A signalling and angiogenesis.

Short-lived halogens have a substantial indirect cooling effect on climate and this cooling effect has increased since pre-industrial times owing to anthropogenic amplification of natural halogen emissions.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

This study shows that long-term climate change systematically alters small-scale wind variability and its vertical velocity, influencing cloud microphysics and the Earth’s radiative balance.

High-pressure measurements of the electrical conductivity of (Mg,Fe)O, used as an analogue for basal magma ocean material, indicate that the conductivity is high enough to produce a dynamo much stronger than a core-driven dynamo for super-Earths larger than 3–6 Earth masses.

Reliability remains challenging for organic light-emitting diodes used in solid-state lighting. Here, the authors reduce the current density needed for a given brightness by fabricating devices on a high aspect ratio substrate with sub-mm texture, resulting in a 2.7x increase in operating lifetime.

Polyamides (PAs) or nylons are types of plastics with wide applications, but due to their accumulation in the environment, strategies for their deconstruction are of interest. Here, the authors screen 40 potential nylon-hydrolyzing enzymes (nylonases) using a mass spectrometry-based approach and identify a thermostabilized N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase as the most promising for further development, as well as crucial targets for progressing PA6 enzymatic depolymerization.

This study introduces P3T-Net, a pseudo-3D deep learning model that enables accurate and efficient cross-domain transfer of large 3D material images, improving image quality and ensuring image consistency across diverse imaging conditions.

Fischer carbenes are typically synthesized by addition of pyrophoric reagents to toxic metal carbonyls. Now access to α-siloxycarbenes from thioesters has been reported via reductive silylation of cobalt acyls, providing a platform to harness carbene reactivity from carboxylates via metal acyls and allowing several new reactions occur, including heterodimerization to acyloin-type products.

FACED 2.0 builds on and expands the capabilities of the free-space angular-chirp-enhanced delay microscopy approach. Its high speed, large field of view and volumetric coverage enable two-photon voltage imaging of hundreds of neurons or calcium imaging of thousands of neurons in the mouse or zebrafish brain.

Li, Cui, Yang, Lu, Jiang, Zhang and colleagues identify a lactate transport mechanism from tumour-associated macrophages that regulates DNA repair and immune cell infiltration, which could be targeted to enhance immunotherapy efficacy in glioblastoma models.

Energy demand and intensive computation limit the use of machine learning on-device for wearables. Here, the authors deploy edge AI in a wearable form factor to provide clinical-grade gait-based frailty assessment over weeks with no interaction required from the wearer at any point.

A flexible micro-electrocorticography brain–computer interface that integrates a 256 × 256 array of electrodes, signal processing, data telemetry and wireless powering on a single complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor substrate can provide stable, chronic in vivo recordings.

Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Here, the authors characterise a heteroplasmic tRNA^Ala mutation (m.5019A>G) in mice and demonstrate that macrophages carrying this mutation display altered function and metabolism in vitro, along with increased type I IFN release following LPS challenge in vivo.

An Earth system model estimates that natural halogens, of marine biotic and abiotic origin, remove about 13% of present-day global tropospheric O₃. Projections suggest this ratio is stable through 2100, with high spatial heterogeneity, despite increasing natural halogens.

Iron–sulfur minerals play critical roles in regulating nitrogen cycling under anoxic conditions. This study shows that pyrrhotite with abundant iron vacancies promotes electron transfer and microbial nitrate reduction to dinitrogen.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating swift and precise diagnostic solutions. Here, the authors introduce a culture-free diagnostic platform integrating microfluidic cell enrichment, single-cell Raman spectroscopy, and deep learning, that identifies bacterial and fungal infections directly from clinical samples within 20 minutes.

The identification of cellular targets for natural products that potently inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines implicates oxysterol-binding proteins in the growth of cancer cells. These natural products, termed ORPphilins, also affect sphingomyelin biosynthesis.

Multielectron molecular CO₂ reduction in acid is challenged by weak CO binding and competing hydrogen evolution. Here a methanol Faradaic efficiency of 62% is achieved in acid by tuning the microenvironment with cationic, hydrophobic and aerophilic layers.

Here, the authors report the characterization of stable few-layer PdSe₂ transistors encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, showing field effect mobilities up to 700 cm²/Vs at room temperature and signatures of an 8-fold spin-valley degeneracy of the magnetotransport quantum oscillations at cryogenic temperatures.

Samples returned from asteroid Bennu by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission contain N-rich organics with prebiotic implications. This material probably formed in the earliest stages of the asteroid’s history possibly even before its water ice melted.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

H5N1 avian influenza viruses caused an outbreak in dairy cattle. We show that the potential for avian viruses to replicate in cow cells varies across H5N1 evolution, suggesting that the risk of spillover into mammals differs between variants.

Dietary restriction promotes the expansion of effector T cells via ketone bodies, which enhances anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with immunotherapy in mice.

Nanomagnets are very promising structures for magnetic data storage. However, it is found that during exposure to ambient oxygen for processing, a nanomagnet develops a sidewall oxide layer that is detrimental for its magnetic properties. The problem can be solved by deposition of a metal layer (aluminium) that reduces and almost eliminates the problem.

The microbiota may mediate the differential responses to oral cholera vaccine (OCV). Here, the authors reveal that the presence of sphingolipid-producing bacteria is associated with the development of protective immune responses after OCV.

A detailed spatiotemporal roadmap of the human female and male reproductive tracts during key periods of sexual differentiation provides new cellular and molecular insights into how early axial gradients lead to specific cell lineages and tissue structures.

Analysis of a deeply phenotyped, longitudinal cohort of 249 participants elucidates the network of concurrent molecular and macroscopic patterns related to insurgence and course of ME/CFS.

The electrons that contribute to the Mott insulator state in single-layer 1T-TaSe2 are shown to also have a rich variation in their orbital occupation. As more layers are added, both the insulating state and orbital texture weaken.

Atmospheric reanalyses combined with ocean observations and model simulations show that the extreme 2023 North Atlantic heatwave was primarily driven by anomalously weak winds leading to strongly shoaling mixed layers, with a smaller contribution from clearer skies.

Multidrug efflux pumps help bacteria survive stress and promote antibiotic resistance. Here, authors define the molecular detail of an anaerobic-connected pump MdtF uncovering acid-responsive activity which may enable toxin control in certain niches.

Nano et al. introduce a pipeline to generate meta-atlases of the human brain from existing single-cell datasets and extract gene modules linked to cell fate specification. Perturbing these programs in human cortical chimeroids validated their roles in cell type specification.

High-density multimodal soft bioelectronic fibres provide a platform for minimally invasive implantable electronics, where diverse sensing and stimulation functionalities can be effectively integrated.

Reduced sulfate aerosols due to ship fuel regulation may increase shortwave radiation on the Great Barrier Reef, exacerbating the impact of marine heatwaves on coral bleaching, according to model analysis of ship emission impacts on aerosols, clouds and solar radiation.

Here the authors applied cryogenic time-resolved electron microscopy with rapid UV photolysis of a caged substrate to elucidate the catalytic mechanism of lipid-sugar transfer within the bacterial membrane by the glycosyltransferase GtrB.

A synthetic route to GB18, an alkaloid from the bark of hallucinogenic Galbulimima sp., is developed, enabling its identification as an antagonist of κ- and μ-opioid receptors.

Spectroscopic measurements confirm that when water is adsorbed on drops of an alkali alloy at low pressure a gold-coloured metallic layer forms as electrons rapidly move from the drop into the water.

This study reports a dense, late summer phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean that accumulated unusually high levels of organic matter and supported feeding hot spots for birds and whales. The authors show that this recurring open ocean bloom is driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favour the upwelling of deep waters enriched in hydrothermal iron.

The dwarf planet Ceres is thought to have an ice-rich layer in its shallow subsurface. The morphologies of craters, however, suggest little relaxation by viscous flow has occurred and instead indicate a subsurface that is less than 40% ice.

The homeostasis of myelin in the central nervous system is highly regulated, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that the FBXW7 protein has a role in constraining myelin growth in the developing and adult central nervous system, preventing the accumulation of myelin abnormalities. FBXW7 acts in part through targeting the MYRF transcription factor for degradation.

Some quantum spin liquids are expected to have an effective Fermi surface of fractionalized spinon excitations. The two-dimensional spin liquid candidate 1T-TaSe₂ has charge density modulations that may be caused by an unstable spinon Fermi surface.

The cool sub-Neptune LP 791-18 c, with an equilibrium temperature of 355 K, was found to host a hazy atmosphere, distinct from any other temperate sub-Neptune studied so far. The discovery demonstrates the intrinsic diversity of these worlds.