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Painful bone growth after injury or surgery often goes undetected until it is advanced and treatment options are limited. Here, authors demonstrate that a blood test detecting gene expression profiles in isolated circulating mesenchymal progenitor cells could detect early signs of this condition and track treatment success.

Kornfeld-Sylla et al reveal how alpha brainwaves are altered in children and adults with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) and find parallel changes in alpha-like rhythms in juvenile and adult FXS model mice, showing their use for testing potential therapies.

A comparative analysis of trait data combined with a mathematical model suggests that dietary specialization drives selection towards the smallest and largest body sizes in terrestrial mammals, as generalists outcompete specialists at intermediate sizes.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Luppi et al. identify transcriptomic and connectomic controllers of information integration and its breakdown induced by anaesthesia in humans, macaques, marmosets and mice.

Flooding threatens urban economies via direct damages and supply-chain disruptions. Losses grow nonlinearly: wealthier cities incur larger absolute losses, while poorer cities face higher relative impacts, highlighting tailored resilience measures.

The authors survey community palaeontological databases, documenting their contributions to science as well as their vulnerabilities, and provide recommendations for the future of open science databases.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

High-resolution flare footpoint observations in the extreme ultraviolet and X-rays were taken by Solar Orbiter. Combined with simulations, the results reveal that the dominant mechanism carrying flare energy through the Sun’s atmosphere can vary on small spatial scales.

Using chemical photoswitchable reagents to exert purely wavelength-dependent control over biological systems in deep tissue and in vivo requires a concentration-independent design paradigm. Here, such photoswitchable ligands are realized by ensuring that E/Z isomers have opposing efficacies yet similarly high affinity, allowing them to probe transient receptor potential C4 and C5 channel functions up to the tissue level.

Global post-fire soil erosion accounts for approximately 8.1 ± 0.72 Pg per year, or 19%, of total global soil erosion, and Africa is the most impacted continent given its larger burned area, according to a global assessment of soil erosion produced by wildfires over the last 18 years.

In a case series of eight pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis or systemic sclerosis, autologous anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy was feasible, safe and effective in reducing disease activity.

Powerful pulse a milepost on the way to fusion energy.

Scientists must provide free online access to their papers by depositing them in institutional repositories.

Zygnematophycean algae are the closest algal relatives of land plants. This study compares the osmatic stress response of two of these species, finding a core set of molecular protective components and providing insights into the toolkit needed for plant terrestrialization.

There has been a recent interest in control of magnetism via ionic transport. The appeal of such magneto-ionic control lies in its extent, non-volatility and potential energy-efficiency, however, the number of systems showing such behaviour is limited. Here, Tan, Ma, and coauthors demonstrate magneto-ionic control through Carbon transport.

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations show that the crystal–melt interfacial energies of MgSiO₃ bridgmanite increase substantially with pressure, potentially forming unusually large bridgmanite crystals and suggesting a new physical mechanism driving magma ocean segregation.

We examine the historical development and underlying principles of foundation models realized in language and vision, and propose how physics-infused machine learning interaction potentials could dramatically transform at scale to create transformative foundation models for chemistry and materials science.

Observations of multi-temperature stellar eruptions from EK Draconis reveal a solar-like yet complex view of stellar coronal mass ejections. Such frequent, powerful events on the young Sun may have shaped Earth’s early atmosphere.

Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a chromatin regulator whose loss of function causes Rett syndrome. It has been unclear how the gene-expression changes caused by loss of MeCP2 relate to the protein’s DNA-binding sites. New work uses the ‘CUT&RUN’ technique to identify DNA-binding sites that are largely devoid of methylation — a modification known to recruit MeCP2 to DNA.

Multimodal fusion of digital pathology and transcriptomics can improve cancer diagnosis, but remains impractical in clinical settings. Here, the authors develop a crossmodal generative model, PathGen, to synthesise transcriptomic data from histopathology slides, and show how the combination of these multimodal data improves cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

Kim, Wang, Clow and colleagues show that long-range chromatin loops bringing distal enhancers or super-enhancers together with promoters are cohesin dependent and cell type specific, whereas most short-range and promoter-centric transcriptional loops are cohesin independent and constitutive.

Butyrophilin 2A2 is a member of the B7 costimulatory family that is expressed on antigen presenting cells and is linked to the regulation of T cells. Here the authors implicate butyrophilin 2A2 in enhancement of CD45 phosphatase activity within the immunological synapse during T cell activation, leading to expansion of regulatory T cells and reduction of proinflammatory Th17 CD4 T cells.

Short-wave infrared photothermal microscopy enables deep-tissue vibrational imaging at millimetre depth with high sensitivity and sub-cellular spatial resolution, offering potential for applications in biological and medical fields.

Screening methods to predict the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) prior to pancreatic β-cell disruption are currently lacking. Here, the authors perform proteomics analysis of cord serum samples obtained from a Swedish birth cohort and identify an inflammatory signature predictive of disease development with good accuracy, suggesting that an inflammatory stage during pregnancy predisposes to T1D.

An antisense RNA may contribute to Alzheimer's disease by upregulating β-secretase (pages 723–730).

Exceptionally high secret key generation rates of 64 Mbits^–1 and 115.8 Mbits^–1 over a 10 km optical fibre link have been achieved, thanks to custom-built 14-pixel and 16-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, respectively, and the use of fast quantum key distribution transmitters.

Glitches in video calls can have a negative effect on the judgement of the people involved and correspond to worse outcomes in major areas of life such as job interviews and parole hearings.

Reliably probing rejuvenation and memory effects in spin glasses by means of simulations is difficult. Now, a state-of-the-art numerical study shows that at least three different length scales play a crucial role in aging dynamics of spin glasses.

The emergent electric field induced by pinned magnetic solitons remains poorly understood. Now the dissipative motion of magnetic domain walls under an alternating current in Weyl magnet NdAlSi devices is shown to induce a large emergent electric field.

APOBEC3 restriction, known to inhibit retroviruses by interfering with genome replication and hypermutating viral DNA, targets the γ-herpesvirus Epstein–Barr virus and is antagonized by the viral BORF2 protein.

In social settings, people need to establish how much they contribute to shared outcomes. Here, the authors show that people strategically alter their actions to establish their level of control and identify neural activity underlying this process.

Standard control sequences aim to make genetic engineering more predictable.

Pending auction raises eyebrows but few objections.

Specific forms of nitrogen doping can endow carbon-based metal-free materials with electrocatalytic activity. Now, introducing sp-hybridized nitrogen atoms into some acetylenic sites of ultra-thin graphdiyne — a highly π-conjugated lamellar carbon allotrope — has led to excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity.

Long-term follow-up data reinforce the curative potential of hematopoietic stem-cell gene therapy for this rare primary immunodeficiency disorder.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

A combination of automated screening and next-generation sequencing makes it possible to identify Caenorhabditis elegans mutants at unprecedented speed and scale.

Armed with 850,000 diaries, an Oxford centre is trying to find out why modern life seems so hectic.

HIV epidemic trends among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa are rarely known. The authors analyse HIV prevalence trends among female sex workers based in Zimbabwe and report a significant decline between 2016-2017 and 2021-2023, which may be due to increased treatment coverage among the male population.

In this study, the authors use a combination of experimental and modeling approaches to show that a human gut bacterial community can exist in different states under the same conditions. The mechanism behind these alternative states is likely based on metabolic change in response to nutrient depletion.