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Effusive volcanism dominates at water depths of 300 m or greater while phreatomagmatic Surtseyan eruptions become prevalent at shallower depths, according to analyses of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, multibeam bathymetry, and seafloor imagery.

New hominin fossils from the Grotte à Hominidés at Thomas Quarry I (ThI-GH) in Casablanca, Morocco, dated to around 773 thousand years ago are similar in age to Homo antecessor, yet are morphologically distinct.

Wegner et al. apply machine learning to video recordings of walking tasks in people with ataxia and healthy controls using sensor-free motion capture. Their models replicate clinical ratings and detect subtle longitudinal gait changes that are challenging to capture in standard assessments, supporting improved monitoring of disease progression.

The Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre is an ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridge in the Caribbean. This study reveals two hydrothermal vent fields on the ridge, including high-temperature vents on an off-axis oceanic core complex where, similar to Mid-Atlantic vents, an alvinocaridid shrimp is common at both vent fields.

mRNA vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 also sensitize tumours to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

This study shows that structural complexity of cortical and subcortical areas, measured from standard anatomical MRI, can predict Parkinson’s patient response to deep brain stimulation using advanced hypergraph modeling techniques.

The origin and dispersal of Homo erectus, a long-lived and geographically widespread human ancestor, are unclear despite a rich fossil record. Here, the authors reconstruct the face from a Homo erectus cranium from Gona, Ethiopia, dated to 1.5-1.6 million years ago, providing insights into the evolutionary transition from early Homo to H. erectus.

Melts from diverse mantle components are delivered to the lower oceanic crust and preserved at centimetre scale, according to the wide range in the Nd and Sr isotope composition of gabbroic minerals from a segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

This study examines the history of North Atlantic deep-water masses, as recorded in marine sediments. Major lithological changes and increased rate of deposition reveal that stronger deep-ocean circulation initiated 3.6 million years ago.

Ventures focusing on gene therapy, adoptive T-cell therapy, protein homeostasis and the microbiome are among those selected by the editors in 2013's crop of startups.

Organisms vary in their nitrogen and phosphorus content, shaping ecological and evolutionary processes. This study shows that nitrogen deposition is a consistent global factor associated with plant and animal stoichiometry.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

The coexistence of frustrated magnetism and bond order is demonstrated in a family of antiferromagnets. Layers of dual frustrated orders are interleaved in the same crystal lattice, which presents an exciting possibility for engineering new responses.

It is important to understand the correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants for future vaccine design. Here, the authors show that the complement system enhances the antibody-mediated neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 via increased inhibition of virus-host interactions.

Openshaw and colleagues find myeloid inflammation and complement activation signatures in patients with long COVID who were previously hospitalized.

Here the authors report new human fossils from Tam Pà Ling cave, Laos, consisting of a cranial and a tibial fragment, dated to 68–86 thousand years ago. This find confirms that Homo sapiens were present in Southeast Asia by this time and the shape of the fossils indicates they may have descended from non-local populations.

The authors identify pathogenic variants in the SMARCA1 gene as the cause of a variable neurodevelopmental disorder. Mouse studies suggest diverse genetic mechanisms related to NURF complex composition mediate the phenotype.

Patagia—the mammalian gliding membrane—repeatedly originated through a process of convergent genomic evolution, whereby the regulation of Emx2 was altered by distinct cis-regulatory elements in independently evolved species.

Biological nitrogen fixation may impose stronger constraints on the carbon sink in natural terrestrial biomes and represent a larger source of agricultural nitrogen than is generally considered in analyses of the global nitrogen cycle.

The corpus callosum is essential for coordinating sensorimotor, associative and executive functions. Here, the authors show a GWAS of corpus callosum morphology implicates prenatal growth pathways, immune-driven thinning, and genetic overlap with cortical and neuropsychiatric traits.

‘T cell engagers promote antitumor immunity, but how macrophage modulates this activity in tumor is still unclear. Here the authors show, using biopsies from patients with uveal melanoma and single cell analyses, that a T cell engager, tebentafusp, reprograms tumor-associated macrophages and ameliorates, in synergy with IL-2, immunosuppression to cancer.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

The 2021 unprecedented Pacific Northwest heatwave broke temperature records by extraordinary amounts. Impacts included hundreds of deaths, mass-mortalities of marine life, increased wildfires, reduced crop and fruit yields, and river flooding.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

The temporal evolution of the net global climate feedback in recent decades has been governed by sea surface temperature patterns in the Southern Ocean, according to climate model simulations.

Transplantation of glia-enriched organoids into the mouse brain enables the study of astrocyte subtypes.

Successful listening requires attentional filtering into behaviourally relevant and irrelevant sounds. Here, the authors demonstrate the role of neural speech tracking over alpha lateralization as a potential neural marker of an individual’s adaptive listening behaviour.

Venous tumour thrombus can occur within renal cell carcinoma, and can require complex additional surgery and treatment. Here, the authors analyse multiparametric data from patients treated with axitinib and develop a machine learning model to predict neoadjuvant treatment response.

Borealis, a newly discovered mud volcano in the Polar North Atlantic, expels warm Neogene sediments and methane fluids. It hosts unique habitats, with carbonate structures offering refuge and nursery grounds for marine life, highlighting conservation importance.

This Consensus Statement presents the standards for technical reporting in environmental and host-associated microbiome studies (STREAMS) guidelines.

The structural connectome is the complete set of anatomical connections between brain cells. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study of white-matter structural connectivity in the human brain, finding 30 variants influencing the density of myelinated connections between brain regions.

Wells et al. profile RNA and surface protein expression to describe dominant tissue-specific effects on immune cell composition and function across lineages in the human tissues across age.

The tumor suppressor RAD51C is mutated in ovarian cancers. Through variant analysis the authors identify a mutation cluster in the RAD51C Walker B region important for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and replicative damage. By identifying Walker B separation-of-function alleles, they show that these activities can be uncoupled.

Studies of brain network development typically focus on a single scale. Here, the authors derived personalized functional networks across scales, and find that network development systematically adheres to and strengthens hierarchical cortical organization.

Large igneous volcanism was a trigger for an intense warming event ~69 million years ago and accompanied by changes in North Atlantic deep-water circulation, preceding the end of low-latitude waters in the North Atlantic, according to stable isotope and time-series analyses of geochemical data from IODP site U1403, North Atlantic.

Here, the authors show how in β-thalassemia, a perturbed bone marrow microenvironment leads to altered hematopoiesis. Reduced TGFβ reduces autophagy levels, in turn reducing dormancy and priming of haematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors towards erythroid lineage.

The authors present a high-resolution palaeomagnetic record for a Late Cretaceous limestone in Italy. They claim that their record robustly shows a ~12° true polar wander oscillation between 86 and 78 Ma, with the greatest excursion at 84–82 Ma.

Benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen with no safe level of exposure. Here, by creating and decorating a structural defect in a metal–organic framework to form MIL-125-Zn, a benzene uptake of 7.63 mmol g^–1 at 1.2 mbar is observed due to binding to Zn(II) sites.

A single-cell sequencing study using more than 30,000 tumour genomes from human ovarian cancers shows that whole-genome doubling is an ongoing mutational process that drives tumour evolution and disrupts immunity.

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease with a strong genetic component. Here, the authors use GWAS to identify 28 loci associated with sarcoidosis and perform downstream analyses linking the disease to immune pathways, BMI and circulating markers.

DeepTaskGen uses deep learning to generate synthetic task-based fMRI maps from resting state data, enabling scalable neuroimaging studies. It preserves individual variation and outperforms benchmarks in biomarker and cognitive prediction.