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Forests are essential for both climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation, yet how to balance these goals in managed forests remains unclear. Here, using a Europe-wide dataset, the authors find that biodiversity increases with carbon stocks, but mostly when deadwood is included.

Resistance noise in memristive devices is often described as a thermally activated process across simple energy barriers, but this can underestimate the role of entropy in a complex free energy landscape. Quantifying transition rates between discrete resistance states during resistance fluctuations in nanoscale GeTe shows that entropic contributions can strongly shape the free energy barriers.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Experimental realizations of discrete time crystals have mainly involved 1D models with Ising-like couplings. Here, the authors realize a 2D discrete time crystal with anisotropic Heisenberg coupling on a quantum simulator based on superconducting qubits, uncovering a rich phase diagram.

Plant traits drive ecosystem dynamics yet are challenging to map globally due to sparse measurements. Here, the authors combine crowdsourced biodiversity observations with Earth observation data to accurately map 31 plant traits at 1 km² resolution.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

Polyamines prevent the action of kinases on acidic phosphorylatable motifs in spliceosomal proteins, thus providing a mechanism for metabolite-mediated regulation of alternative splicing in cells.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

AvrPm4 is a chimeric powdery mildew effector that is recognized by the wheat kinase fusion resistance protein Pm4. The pathogen can evade Pm4 recognition by expressing the suppressor SvrPm4, an RNase-like effector with multiple roles.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The authors report on imaging developments of solid-density plasmas and the current filamentation instability by means of the LCLS-XFEL at SLAC. This offers insights on the instability in the solid density region, stimulating new modelling of laser-solid interactions.

Affinity-selection platforms are powerful tools in early drug discovery, but current technologies such as DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) are limited by synthesis complexity and incompatibility with nucleic acid binding targets. Here, the authors present a barcode-free self-encoded library (SEL) platform that enables direct screening of over half a million small molecules in a single experiment.

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

Exercise has considerable health benefit, including modulation of the immune system. Here the authors compare the molecular make-up of peripheral blood immune cells at resting state and upon a single bout of two different aerobic exercise modes by proteomics and show that although both exercise modes trigger similar changes, the effect is more pronounced after high intensity interval training.

A galvanic strategy enables the intercalation of diverse molecular cations into bulk and few-layer van der Waals crystals under mild conditions, yielding 50 organic–inorganic superlattices. This method enables the definition of vertical and lateral intercalation heterostructures, opening avenues for the device integration of hybrid quantum materials.

Polariton interferometry reveals flat-band ultrastrong coupling between phonons and surface plasmon polaritons over a large wavevector range.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Discovery of a nearly complete skeleton of Huayracursor jaguensis, a Carnian dinosaur from the Northern Precordillera Basin in northwestern Argentina provides evidence of increased body size and early cervical elongation during the Late Triassic epoch.

Creative experiences such as dance, music, drawing, and strategy video games might preserve brain health. The authors show that regular practice or short training in these activities is linked to brains that look younger and work more efficiently.

This work uses gene expression and single cell analyses to group extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients into three immune types, revealing immune pathways driving pathogenesis and markers that could improve diagnosis and guide tailored treatments.

Maldonado, Lopez-Hernandez, et al. use a matched case-control study to compare E. coli-infected patients with or without sepsis. Their analysis shows that the ST69 clone is associated with risk of sepsis development, and certain genetic factors such as adhesion genes papC and fdeC were associated with a protective effect.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

Reduced placental angiogenesis is suspected to cause preeclampsia. Using placental in vitro models and an in vivo model, the authors uncover the key role of an amino acid transporter and related molecular interactions that together induce an anti-angiogenic state, as observed in preeclampsia.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Analysis of soundscape data from 139 globally distributed sites reveals that sounds of biological origin exhibit predictable rhythms depending on location and season, whereas sounds of anthropogenic origin are less predictable. Comparisons between paired urban–rural sites show that urban green spaces are noisier and dominated by sounds of technological origin.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

High-depth sequencing of non-cancerous tissue from patients with metastatic cancer reveals single-base mutational signatures of alcohol, smoking and cancer treatments, and reveals how exogenous factors, including cancer therapies, affect somatic cell evolution.

Translation of evidence about dementia risk into effective public health policy is a challenge. In this Consensus Statement, Demnitz-King and colleagues present 56 policy recommendations for dementia prevention, providing policymakers with a foundation for designing and implementing evidence-based dementia prevention strategies, prioritizing clear communication, targeted intervention and sustained research investment.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Experimental evidence of coherent charge transport in the normal state of the kagome metal CsV₃Sb₅ is presented, revealing the nature of correlated order in kagome metals and new directions for exploring quantum coherence in correlated electron systems.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

This study shows that historical precipitation variability shapes current and future record-breaking precipitation probabilities, with regions with low current records being more at risk. High-risk regions are abundant around the world, leading to a quarter billion people facing potential precipitation disasters by 2050.

Researchers observe directional strong coupling on the nanoscale between hyperbolic phonon polaritons and pentacene molecules.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Whether intermittent strategies of delivering drugs can improve cancer patients survival is still unclear. Here, the authors reports the results of a randomized phase II clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens (continuous and intermittent) of vemurafenib and cobimetinib combination as first-line treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic advanced melanoma with BRAFV600 mutation

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Resonant dispersive wave (RDW) emission enables tunable few-femtosecond UV pulses which can be useful for ultrafast science. Here, the authors investigate ultrafast relaxation and structural evolution of morpholine with enhanced temporal resolution, following excitation via RDWs.

Experiments reveal a speed limit for the spreading of spatial coherence during the formation of a weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensate.

Application of a nanopore sequencing workflow for real-time analysis of brain tumors results in molecular classification within a 30-minute intraoperative window, followed by comprehensive profiling within 24 hours.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Sarcomas are morphologically heterogeneous tumours rendering their classification challenging. Here the authors developed a classifier using DNA methylation data from several soft tissue and bone sarcoma subtypes, which has the potential to improve classification for research and clinical purposes.