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Li, Li, Wu et al. use a proteomics approach, PhastID to identify protein components of nuclear condensates (NCs). They reveal crosstalk between NCs, the dynamics of condensate components and identify an NC formed by BUD13.

In Eurasia, food systems, especially consumption, are the most sensitive part of the food-energy water nexus, and shifting crop types and planting is more effective than changing energy systems for improving resource security, according to an analysis of socioeconomic data.

Xu, Zhang, Xuan et al. show that PD-1 signalling defines a population of leukaemia stem cells with features of quiescence, drug resistance and protection against cell death, ablation of which suppresses disease progression of mouse and human T-ALL.

Experiments using DNA barcoding for lineage tracing in mouse models of colorectal cancer reveal polyclonal origins of premalignant lesions, with a transition to monoclonality as they progress to the advanced tumour.

This study identifies TriDTCs as a family of terpene cyclases responsible for harzianol I and wickerol A biosynthesis in Trichoderma fungi and are found to regulate Trichoderma’s chlamydospore and Aspergillus oryzae’s sclerotia formation through producing harzianol I.

Abnormal functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) contribute into the pathogenensis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Here, the authors show that TNF-α at high concentration induces enhances migration of AS-MSC through METTL14 mediated m6A modification of the ELMO1 3′ UTR.

Total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer can require partial resection of Denonvilliers’ fascia (DVF). Here the authors report the secondary outcomes of a randomized trial to evaluate the safety and effect of DVF preservation during laparoscopic TME on postoperative urogenital function and oncological safety in male patients with mid-low rectal cancer.

Plasmonic nanocavities enable universal detection of layer-breathing modes in two-dimensional materials via plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, overcoming the limit of weak electron-phonon coupling or Raman inactivity, and delivering a quantitative framework for interlayer coupling analysis.

While SARS-CoV-2 S protein targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are well studied, little is known about N protein-targeting mAbs. Here, Kang et al. provide the crystal structure of the N protein RNA binding domain with a mAb derived from a convalescent patient and show that it compromises the N protein-induced complement hyperactivation.

The autophagy receptor SHISA9 balances innate immune responses during viral infection by controlling the levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase subunit epsilon to restrict pathogenic inflammation in the central nervous system.

Gao et al. show that a secretory variant of E-cadherin encoded by a circular RNA directly activates EGFR and STAT3 signalling, thereby promoting glioma stem cell tumorigenicity.

Developing multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests based on cfDNA or protein markers holds great promise for effective cancer screening. Here, the authors show a sensitive, non-invasive pan-cancer detection method that concurrently detects the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) glycans and its protein backbone in plasma.

The early stages of inflammatory bowel disease involve mucus injury and depletion of goblet cells. Here, the authors show that SPINK4 could serve as a serological biomarker of IBD and holds therapeutic potential for goblet cell regeneration via intrinsic EGFR activation under colitic conditions

Zhang et al. delineate the heterogeneity of core regulatory circuitry in glioblastoma and identify HOXB3 condensation as a vulnerability that may be targeted with a therapeutic peptide in mouse models.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) since the Last Interglacial is reconstructed, showing orbital-scale shifts in ACC position driven by eccentricity and precession, possibly counteracting the predicted southward shift due to global warming.

Anti-HER2 resistance causes treatment failure in HER2-positive breast cancers. Here the authors identify FGFR4 as one of the vulnerabilities of anti-HER2 resistant breast cancer and show that FGRR4 inhibition enhances sensitivity to anti-HER2 treatment in these resistant cells by triggering ferroptosis.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare primary osteolytic bone tumor with high local recurrence rate after surgical resection. Here the authors conduct a phase Ib/II trial, evaluating the efficacy and safety of JMT103 (RANK-RANKL inhibitor) in patients with unresectable or surgically-challenging GCTB.

Deregulation of METTL1-mediated N7- methylguanosine tRNA modification can promote oncogenesis. Here, the authors report that this modification regulates the translation of proteins in both the mTOR and negative regulators of autophagy pathways, resulting in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

HER2 targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy represents a standard approach for treating HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor pyrotinib plus docetaxel as a first-line treatment for HER2-positive MBC.

Graphene nanoribbons consist of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Despite non-hexagonal rings generally being more unstable, the authors demonstrate the successful synthesis of graphene-like nanoribbons with periodically embedded four- and eight-membered carbon rings, with tailored electronic properties.

Chen et al. show how host genetics influence the abundance of commensal Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut, which in turn produce palmitoleic acid, thus contributing to shaping host immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Infection is a major problem for dental implants with current antibacterial coatings losing efficacy quickly. Here, the authors report on the N-halamine polymeric coating of titanium implants to create a long-lasting renewable antibacterial layer and demonstrate application in vivo.

A method for directly correlating chemical components and polarization switching at the nanoscale is still lacking. Here, the authors demonstrate a nanoscale technique that enables an in-situ chemical correlation during polarization evolution.

Aging-related intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of lower back pain. Here, the authors perform scRNA-seq analysis of intervertebral disc cells from patients, and identify cell populations and mechanisms associated with IVDD.

Toughness and stiffness in polymer gels are generally coupled to the network structure and composition. Now it has been shown that stress-selective mechanophore junctions—tetrafunctional cyclobutanes (TCBs)—with minor structural modifications can tune these properties independently in end-linked gels. TCBs increase or decrease toughness by remodelling network topology at the crack tip.

HIF1alpha is reported to drive tumourigenesis through activating glycolysis. Here, the authors show that HIFAL, the HIF1alpha antisense long non-coding RNA, and HIF1alpha form a positive feed-forward loop which is essential for HIF1a-mediated metabolic reprogramming and oncogenic role.

Spatiotemporal hierarchical modelling of geological sea-level proxies and tide gauge data suggest that the modern global mean sea-level rise rate since 1900 has exceeded any century over at least the past four millennia, breaking the long-term stability observed in southeastern China.

Aurora kinase A is a mitotic kinase that facilitates G2/M events. Here the authors show that in breast cancer cells Aurora kinase A has a kinase-independent function in the nucleus by activating the MYC promoter in cooperation with hnRNP K, enhancing the breast cancer stem cell phenotype.

A smartphone-based system, designed to induce a steady gaze in children using cartoon-like video stimuli, can identify visually impaired children across a wide range of ophthalmic disorders, based on analysis of gazing behaviors and facial features.

A glasses-free three-dimensional display, which is as large as a conventional desktop screen and has a viewing angle larger than 100°, is achieved by an artificial intelligence-powered optimization algorithm, which adapts the virtual images sent around each eye in real time.

WNT-signaling activation is a promising strategy for adult tissue and organ rejuvenation. The authors report an efficient approach to generate exosomes carrying WNTs and RSPONDINs family ligands that can achieve strong activation of the pathway to regenerate diseased and aged livers.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Structure of influenza polymerase bound to the cRNA promoter reveals unique structural features essential for internal initiation, providing insights into the mechanism of viral replication.

Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy represents a therapeutic option for resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant camrelizumab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin in resectable locally advanced HNSCC.

The ChangKang (Heathy Bowel) project was established to collect molecular and clinical information of a thousand Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Here, the authors present the genomic landscape of the ChangKang cohort and find a subgroup of patients defined by abnormal mitochondrial copy numbers.

Nasopharyngeal carcinomas often present as undifferentiated tumours. Here, Yan et al. show that reduced expression of IKK via promoter methylation results in the undifferentiated phenotype of the tumours and that treatment with retinoic acid can reverse these features.