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Electrochemical hydrogenation can occur through adsorbed hydrogen or proton-coupled electron transfer from water. The authors show how competition between these pathways can be tuned by catalyst alloying, enabling selective conversion of acetylene to ethylene.

A modular nanobody-based approach assembles combination vaccines by stably attaching diverse antigens to hepatitis E virus-like particles, preserving native immunogenicity and inducing broad protection against respiratory pathogens.

It is generally more difficult to modify the buried interfaces compared to top interfaces in tin-lead perovskite subcells. Here, the authors employ a mercapto-functionalized mesoporous silica layer as a superstructure, realizing maximum efficiency of 29.6% for double-junction tandem solar cells.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Monocytes/macrophages exert pro-atherogenic functions depending on their metabolic programming. Here, the authors show the pivotal role of methionine metabolism in the proinflammatory and migratory functions of monocytes/macrophages and identify MAT2A as a potential target for the management of atherosclerosis.

A study sequenced and analysed two genomes of basal streptophyte algae that adapt to freshwater and subaerial/terrestrial environments, respectively, providing insights into plant terrestrialization, an important evolutionary transition in the history of life.

The study assembled a chromosome-level genome of Cycas panzhihuaensis, the last major lineage of seed plants for which a high-quality genome assembly was lacking. The study closes an important gap in our understanding of genome structure and evolution in seed plants.

Genome analysis of the pico-eukaryotic marine green alga Prasinoderma coloniale CCMP 1413 unveils the existence of a novel phylum within green plants (Viridiplantae), the Prasinodermophyta, which diverged before the split of Chlorophyta and Streptophyta.

Bi, Mo, Liu et al. carry out high-throughput screening and analysis to profile genome-wide pro-tumour enhancers and uncover enhancer connectomes in glioma. In particular, they identify specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with glioma risk and progression.

NeuroMechFly v2 extends the capabilities of the original neuromechanical modeling platform for Drosophila, NeuroMechFly, by including sensory input, motor feedback and the ability to simulate complex terrains.

Multi-omics data are readily integrated using quartet reference materials.

Su et al. report that the super-enhancer K5aSE orchestrates Klf5andadditional targets via 3D chromatin interactions in ES cells, with CTCF-mediated chromatin domains maintaining this regulatory network essential for ES cell identity.

Permafrost soils can be substantial sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) to the atmosphere, but no data exist on the N₂O footprints of permafrost rivers. Here, the authors show that alpine permafrost rivers are unexpectedly small sources of atmospheric N₂O at present.

A new RNA reference set improves detection of differential expression in clinical settings.

This paper reports engineering of metal vacancy to activate lattice oxygen in NiO, enabling photocatalytic ethane dehydrogenation to ethylene at 604.5 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ with 100% selectivity and stable 200-cycle recyclability via a light-enhanced Mars-van Krevelen mechanism.

Computer-assisted diagnosis is key for scaling up cervical cancer screening, but current algorithms perform poorly on whole slide image analysis and generalization. Here, the authors present a WSI classification and top lesion cell recommendation system using deep learning, and achieve comparable results with cytologists.

Biocrusts, covering much of Earth’s drylands, are crucial, yet endangered ecosystems. This study sequences the chromosome-level genomes of two biocrust algae, Bracteacoccus bullatus and B. minor, highlighting their evolutionary adaptations to the environmental stresses prevailing in biocrusts.

Circulating subtypes of Influenza viruses seasonally change and therefore vaccines need to be matched to these strains each year, which is why there is a need for next-generation vaccines that can elicit broad and cross-type protection. Here, Li et al. generate a human-mouse chimeric antibody with broad neutralizing activity against seasonal and pandemic H1N1 and some H5N1 viruses in vivo and identify residues on hemagglutinin relevant for its broad neutralization activity.

Unlike microbes and mammals, cistrome dynamics in plants remains unclear. Here, using GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factor as an example, the authors find that most GLK binding sites are species-specific and the binding divergence is caused by cis-variations through inter-species transformation experiment.

Pt is the most active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media, but the precise nature of its active sites remains elusive. Now electrical transport spectroscopy and molecular dynamics are combined to map the hydrogen adsorption sites on Pt nanowires and reveal the much higher activity of (111)/(100) edge sites.

Antibodies (Abs) targeting highly conserved epitopes are important tools against emerging virus variants. Here, the authors characterize Abs that recognize a cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike that is well conserved and show that these Abs can neutralize several variants of concerns.

Previous work has identified cells in L2/3 of auditory cortex which strongly respond with bursting to a specific learned chord, but not to single component tones in an auditory task. Here the authors show that these cells correlate with the behavioral relevance of the learned composite sounds.

In this study, benzotrithiophene-based covalent organic frameworks with spatially separated oxidative and reductive reaction centers are rationally designed for photocatalytic production of H₂O₂ from water and oxygen without sacrificial agents.

Selective photo-oxidation of CH₄ to value-added C₁ oxygenates remains challenging. Here, the authors propose construct mono-copper sites within a framework platform to optimize O₂ activation, enabling highly selective conversion of CH₄ to HCHO.

Exoelectrogenic microorganisms provide a sustainable approach for power generation and wastewater treatment. Here the authors report a redox-mediated microbial flow fuel cell, realizing efficient electron/mass transport and high power output.

High-elevation rivers in permafrost of the East Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are hotspots of methane emissions, according to measurements of methane fluxes in the region.

High efficiency in perovskite solar cells is achieved by using a molecular hybrid of a self-assembled monolayer with nitrilotribenzoic acid.

Command-like descending neurons in Drosophila melanogaster recruit additional descending neuronal networks to co-ordinate behaviours that require multiple motor subroutines controlling numerous body parts.

Supported metal single-atom catalysts face challenges on both durability and practicality. Here, the authors demonstrate that a sustained 90% diesel oxidation conversion at ~160 ^oC is achieved by single-atom Pt on TiO₂ nanowire-array integrated catalytic converter.

IL-33-ST2 activation upregulates CCL2 to drive inflammatory pain via activation of TRPV1 and TRPM8 in hindpaw skin and enhancement of LTP in spinal cord.

Elaborated catalysts design can substantially enhance performance under unfavourable reaction conditions. Amorphous nickel hydroxide proton sieve used to modify local chemical environment on a platinum surface results in unprecedented performance for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction.

NLRC5 facilitates cardiac repair by orchestrating autophagy through CAVIN1 degradation and CAV1/ATG12-5 modulation, positioning NLRC5 as a therapeutic target to mitigate post-MI damage and enhance recovery.

Platinum is the most active catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, but the specific mechanism and the influence of the alkali metal cations remain elusive in alkaline media. Now, electrical transport spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are combined to elucidate the role of alkali metal cations for this reaction in alkaline electrolyte.

Wang, Liang et al. conduct a genome-wide investigation into the origin of small RNA pathway-related genes in Viridiplantae. Their findings suggest that streptophyte algae progressively adapted to a subaerial environment through generation of these pathways.