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Large-scale computational and in vitro analyses identify commensal type III secretion systems and substrates in the human gut microbiome that can interact with human proteins to modulate immune pathways.

Strongly enhanced optical nonlinearities and an ultrafast transition from coherent to incoherent polariton excitations are demonstrated by coupling an atomically thin WS₂ layer to a plasmonic nanostructure using ultrafast multidimensional spectroscopy.

ALMA has captured exquisitely detailed images of bowshock shells in the outflow of an outbursting protostar. These provide important insights into the variable nature of the ejections from protostars, which play a key role in star and planet formation.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The long-term natural history of long-COVID is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study from Scotland, the authors describe symptom prevalence and health-related quality of life up to 18 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and compare with matched test-negative controls.

MK-7762 is a new oxazolidinone antitubercular agent that is structurally similar to linezolid, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy, lesion penetration and limited toxicity compared to linezolid, indicating it could be used in broad tuberculosis regimens.

Guided by density functional theory, a commercially viable refractory alloy is developed, which exhibits excellent room-temperature ductility and strength, and high strength at elevated temperatures.

Eight decades of forest plot monitoring show a pervasive increase in tree mortality across Australia’s forest biomes driven by climate change, jeopardizing their role as enduring carbon sinks.

Thendral et al. describe a mitophagic programme that removes deleterious mtDNA during the oocyte-to-zygote transition in Caenorhabditis elegans, promoting mitochondrial health and offspring survival. Loss of this mitophagy leads to mutant mtDNA accumulation.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

T cells can recognise lipid antigen in the context of CD1d molecules. Here, the authors show that γδ T cell activation in response to CD1d differs from that of αβ T cells and determine the structure of a γδ T cell receptor that binds to CD1d independently of the presented lipid.

Two-dimensional polyaramid polymers are synthesized to form nanofilms that exhibit the lowest gas permeability of any polymer by orders of magnitude, despite lacking crystallinity, enabling molecular-scale nanomechanical resonators and barrier materials.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

Laser-induced conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, which detects electrons emitted by ²²⁹Th nuclei in a thin ThO₂ sample excited by vacuum ultraviolet light, is demonstrated, opening the possibility of a conversion-electron-based nuclear clock.

A trispecific T cell engager has been developed to redirect bystander T cells, overcoming immunosuppression and enhancing antitumour immunity across multiple solid tumour types, alongside a machine learning-based tool to predict its efficacy.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Researchers have developed a fullerene-decorated PdCo nano-resistor network sensor that achieves fast hydrogen detection time of 0.40 seconds at 0.1% H₂ and a detection limit of 40 ppb at room temperature.

Genetically encoded sensors are generally optimized to function during exponential growth rather than stationary phase, which limits their potential value for metabolic engineering and bioproduction. Here, authors engineer a stationary phase green light sensor and use pulsatile light to optimize production of industrially relevant small molecules.

Previous studies have shown the importance of unidirectionally aligned domain nucleation for the growth of 2D semiconductor single crystals. Here, the authors report the observation of a self-alignment process of misoriented domains during the metal-organic chemical vapour deposition growth of 2D MoS₂ on sapphire, leading to single-crystalline films with improved carrier mobility.

This research finds a strong recency bias in information gathering, attenuated in those on the OCD spectrum—a possible mechanism for indecisiveness. Behavioural and MEG data show reduced evidence updating in high-OC individuals.

Allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are engineered with three mRNAs to bind to multiple myeloma B cells while activating T cells for cancer therapy.

Kozai, Fernandez-Martinez et al. use high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the permeability barrier of yeast nuclear pore complexes. They show that karyopherins remodel a central plug that shapes barrier dynamics and disorder within the pore.

Nitazenes are potent synthetic opioids that are difficult to detect. Here, authors computationally redesign a plant receptor to create sensitive sensors capable of detecting diverse nitazenes and their metabolites in biological samples.

Smc5/6 association with DNA junctions can support genomic functions. Here, the authors show that Smc5/6 junction polarity preferences, targeting, and dwell times are determined by its structural modules as well as the RPA and PCNA genomic factors.

Cas12a3 nucleases constitute a distinct clade of type V CRISPR–Cas bacterial immune systems that preferentially cleave the 3′ tails of tRNAs after recognition of target RNA to induce growth arrest and block phage dissemination.

Gas-phase actinium monofluoride (AcF) has been produced and spectroscopically studied at the CERN-ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility; the results highlight the potential of ²²⁷AcF for exceptionally sensitive searches of CP violation.

Smart microscopy is an emerging technology which integrates real-time analysis with adaptive acquisition to enhance imaging efficiency. Here the authors introduce “outcome-driven microscopy,” an approach that uses optogenetics and real-time feedback to control cell behaviour and protein dynamics.

Central charge, a key quantity in conformal field theories, is crucial in the study of critical phenomena, yet its measurement has remained elusive. Here, the authors extract the central charge of several quantum critical models by accurately preparing their ground states on a superconducting quantum processor.

BARCODE is an open-access software that automates high throughput screening of microscopy video data to produce a unique fingerprint or ‘barcode’ of performance metrics that enables optimization and accelerates discovery of soft, active materials.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

The authors report an experimental study of the Hall effect measuring electrical quantities in ultracold fermionic quantum simulators. This provides a way forward in measuring transport properties in these platforms and verifying long-standing theoretical predictions.

Centennial-scale variations in methane carbon isotope ratios are attributed to changes in pyrogenic and biogenic sources that can be correlated with anthropogenic activities, such as varying levels of biomass burning during the period of the Roman empire and the Han dynasty, and changes in natural climate variability.

The study reports the discovery of a persistent bow shock around a diskless magnetic accreting white dwarf, revealing a powerful energy-loss mechanism that challenges current models of accretion and compact binary evolution.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy uses engineered donor T cells to recognize and eliminate cancer cells through cognate antigen-dependent activation. Here authors develop an alternative to bead-based or cancer-cell-induced CAR-T cell activation by presenting the antigen on the surface of engineered yeast cells, which allows precise regulation of antigen density.

In this study, the authors develop a flavivirus vaccine strategy by introducing mutations into envelope glycoproteins resulting in structural changes that conceal the ADE-prone fusion loop epitope. They show that the Zika virus-specific construct protects mice against viral challenge and prevents ADE by Dengue virus.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

The highest-quality JWST spectra reveal that little red dots are young supermassive black holes shrouded in dense cocoons of ionized gas, where electron scattering, not Doppler motions, broadens their spectral lines.

The condensation of repeat-containing RNAs can have neurotoxic effects but is challenging to study. Now a NMR approach termed condensate detection by semi-solid magnetization transfer (CONDENSE-MT) can be used to study RNA condensate dynamics, proton–solvent exchange kinetics and condensate hydration.

The authors present an integrated acousto-optic modulator fabricated in a wafer-scale process that realizes efficient, high-speed modulation of visible light with high optical power handling.

The authors theoretically delineate the maximal increases in tree growth that can be expected from increases in plant intrinsic water-use efficiency, which increases with rising CO₂. They highlight environmental and physiological limits on growth in the context of experimental data.

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet responded to different natural forcing mechanisms than the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the mid-Pliocene due to a greater sensitivity to oceanic feedbacks, according to iceberg-rafted debris records and ice-sheet modelling experiments.

Dietary restriction promotes the expansion of effector T cells via ketone bodies, which enhances anti-tumour immunity and synergizes with immunotherapy in mice.

Color center magnetometry enables spin-wave imaging in complex magnetic textures. This work overcomes key limitations of current approaches by decoupling sensor spins from control fields and using diamond and hBN color centers for complementary frequency operation, achieving isofrequency imaging of field-controlled spin waves.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

Yashinskie, Zhu and colleagues show that p53 activation triggers increased synthesis and accumulation of phospholipids, with enhanced activation of autophagy and lysosomal catabolism programmes and increased reliance on lipid headgroup recycling.