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Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Reverse-bias degradation limits the reliability of perovskite modules, especially under shading. The authors introduce an S-β-CD iodine-chelating layer at the SnO₂/perovskite interface to block the decay pathway and greatly boost operational and reverse-bias stability.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Accumulation of abnormal tau protein selectively affects specific brain cell populations in tau-related dementias. Here, the authors use single nuclei data to show how genetic risk is linked to regional vulnerability across tau dementias.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The substrate surface engineering approach prevents the formation of twin structures, while the elimination of twins greatly enhances carrier mobility and suppresses bipolar conduction, leading to optimized power factor in twin-free Bi₂Te₃ films.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Research on perovskite solar cells shows that scaling up production will require faster, more reliable film-making methods. This work introduces a simple high-rate process that forms high-quality wide-bandgap films for efficient single-junction and tandem devices.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

The authors investigated metabolic remodeling in response to stem cell activation and the effect of aging on this response. Aging muscle stem cells lose a key glutamine-fueled metabolic pathway that powers de novo lipogenesis needed for activation. This study shows that reductive TCA cycling helps preserve stem cell function and may offer a new target against sarcopenia.

This study found COVID-19 vaccination offers added protection against reinfection in children and adolescents with prior infection but variable effectiveness across variants. Findings support vaccination benefits beyond infection-acquired immunity.

Risk profiling based on how BMI interacts with cardiovascular markers was useful in the general population. In type 1 diabetes— where cardiovascular risk is already high— these profiles are notably valuable for tailored approaches as they reveal how high glucose may hide other risk factors

This study explores the clonal architecture of aplastic anemia across age using single-cell approaches. Somatic inactivation of specific human leukocyte antigen risk alleles is a frequent event and often occurs in multiple independent events.

Reti-Pioneer, a retinal imaging artificial intelligence framework, identified diverse systemic diseases and demonstrated feasibility in a primary care silent trial, offering a pathway toward scalable clinical evaluation.

Authors examine data from five trials on PrEP and found colorectal tissue drug levels do not predict observed clinical PrEP efficacy in men who have sex with men (MSM). Further, adherence requirements between cisgender women and MSM may not differ.

Glaucoma is a common cause of vision loss. Here the authors show that elevated intraocular pressure disrupts the blood retinal barrier (BRB) and contributes to retinal ganglion cell death in mouse glaucoma models, and detect similar BRB disruption in human glaucoma donor eyes.

Ventricular cardiomyocytes generate action potentials through multiple ion-mediated channels. Gao et al. replicate this process using artificial organic electrochemical cardiomyocytes, which respond to electrical or chemical modulation and synchronize with bioelectric signals of living cardiomyocytes.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Rapid methods to identify antigen-specific T cells are essential for developing targeted immunotherapies. Here the authors present a high-throughput MHC class II single-chain trimer platform for the comprehensive profiling of CD4⁺ T cells, enabling the rapid identification and characterization of virus- and tumour-specific T cell receptors (TCR) at single-cell resolution.

The fetal globin gene repressors BCL11A and ZBTB7A directly bind γ-globin gene promoter regions. Repressor binding is disrupted by naturally occurring point mutations located upstream of the transcriptional start site that are associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.

International trade shifts part of the health burden of air pollution across countries. This study shows that about 14–18% of global deaths from fine particulate pollution—800,000 annually—are linked to trade, where consumption in higher-income economies drives exposure in lower-income ones.

An ALMA polarization survey towards 30 massive star-forming regions reveals that chaotic turbulence, rather than ordered magnetism, governs the formation of stellar cluster seeds, reshaping our understanding of how the most massive stars are born.

AlphaFold’s success in protein structure predictions has led to similar attempts to predict interactomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that AI-based screens are very limited in discovering truly novel interactions compared to experimental screens, exposing open challenges in interaction prediction.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Trophic status is a critical regulator of N₂O dynamics in freshwater lake sediments, with implications for predicting GHG fluxes under global change scenarios.

Morphological and stable isotope analysis of Early Triassic lycophyte leaves suggest they were similar to extant Isoetales and thus may have made use of crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis—a trait that may have been advantageous during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction.

Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2-driven D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG) and hypoxia-induced L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) are known to non-covalently inhibit α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes in several cancer types. Now, through use of chemical proteomics, stereoselective protein O-2-hydroxyglutarylation by D2HG or L2HG has been characterized as a distinct oncometabolite-induced post-translational modification with evidence for crosstalk with kinase activity.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

It is unclear whether the superconducting pairing in moiré graphene is driven primarily by electronic interactions. Now, by tuning the electrostatic environment, the authors show that these interactions may play a crucial role in both mediating the pairing and screening it.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Social rewards hold therapeutic potential for alleviating drug relapse, yet the neural substrates remain unclear. Here, authors show that social reward and drug relapse activate distinct dopaminergic populations within the VTA, which dynamically compete to regulate behavioral outcomes.

Human activities such as dredging and land reclamation have pervasively altered the ways that tides propagate through large estuaries with negative ecological impacts, according to an analysis of recent and historical records.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

Genome-wide selective sweeps commonly occur in the human gut microbiome and can spread across the world within decades to produce epidemic-like population structures.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

SWI/SNF complexes are mutated in 20% of cancers, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, the authors identify a compensatory mechanism of chromatin regulation that becomes essential in cancers carrying mutations that broadly inactivate SWI/SNF.

Perovskite–organic-based solar cells typically show poor reverse-bias stability. By modulating the deep trap state in the bulk-heterojunction region, organic and perovskite–organic tandem solar cells show largely improved stability under reverse biases up to –40 V.

The magnetospheric cusp is a key solar wind– magnetic field interface. Here, the authors show that Saturn’s cusp has a pronounced dawn–dusk asymmetry, with signatures reaching the postdusk region, unlike Earth’s near-noon cusp.

Reducing China’s CO₂ emissions is crucial to achieving global carbon neutrality. This Perspective synthesizes bottom-up and top-down estimates to develop a regional CO₂ budget for China and evaluate pathways and uncertainties towards net zero.