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Macrophages and lipid metabolism have an important function in atherosclerosis. Here, the authors characterise the function of chitinase-like protein 3 (CHIL3) or its human functional homologue chitinase-3-like 2 (CHI3L2), and show these proteins enhance atherogenesis in a macrophage dependent manner and function by hydrolysing glycans on CD36 which enhances lipid uptake, activates mTOR and inflammatory macrophage responses and suppresses PPARγ-ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux.

Kancharla, Kelly et al. identify an acridone antimalarial potent across all major parasite life stages. Lead candidate T111 shows oral efficacy, low toxicity, and synergy with tafenoquine, providing a unique mechanism to overcome resistance.

Mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) cause spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Here, the authors report that estrildid finches naturally carry an analogous pathogenic mutation found in patients but avoid the syndrome by lowering a related receptor’s activity. Blocking this receptor successfully treats OHSS in mice.

A single-breath-hold 3D abdominal MRI technique (SSE-CEST) enables label-free mapping of glucose, glycogen and mobile protein in human liver, offering motion-robust, high-resolution imaging for cancer detection and metabolic monitoring.

Here, the authors report the fabrication of broadband flexible photodetectors based on composite graphene-copper phthalocyanine heterojunctions, showing that a moderate external pressure can enhance the performance of the devices. The detectors were also applied for simultaneous contact sensing and non-contact perception as electronic skin sensors.

Ammonia cracking can yield clean hydrogen, but metal catalysts face trade-offs that hinder bond breaking. This work shows ruthenium-supported nitrogen-doped ceria creates new sites that bypass this limit and boost activity via another pathway.

C-14 hydroxyl group is critical for the function of ent-kaurane diterpenoids (ent-KTs). Here, the authors report discovery and engineering of bacterial P450s for C-14 hydroxylation in ent-KTs.

Solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries face practical challenges such as low utilization and cycle life. Here, authors introduce design strategies that enable practical operation, leading to the demonstration of a high loading Li₂S-anode free pouch cell that operates under “low stack pressure” of 10 MPa.

Chen, Cai et al., present a rigorous human-in-the-loop framework for evaluating the medical performance of AI-generated responses to real clinical questions, using a scale aligned with physician career stages. Although some models perform at levels comparable to early-career physicians, substantial rates of incompetent answers and hallucinations demonstrate that unmonitored clinical deployment remains risky, underscoring the continuing need for expert oversight.

Magnesium–sulfur batteries promise high energy density but face slow kinetics. Here, authors tailor electrolyte solvation to weaken magnesium-polysulfide binding, enabling improved cycling both coin and pouch cells.

Selective activation of aliphatic C–H bonds in complex polycyclic terpenoids remains a significant challenge. Now a bacterial P450 enzyme has been shown to achieve precise functionalization of inert C–H sites in pentacyclic triterpenoids, unveiling a distinctive relay-oxidation pathway mediated by 1,5-hydogen atom transfer and establishing a versatile chemo-enzymatic platform for accessing previously unexplored chemical space.

Crop losses from pests threaten global food security. Here, the authors survey the biosynthetic repertoire of hypocrealean fungi, identifying over 5,200 biosynthetic gene clusters, most encoding unknown products, and linking several to bioactive molecules for sustainable pest control.

Li–CO₂ batteries following Li₂CO₃-product route suffer from low output voltage and severe parasitic reactions. Herein, a soluble binuclear copper(I) complex is introduced as the liquid catalyst to achieve Li₂C₂O₄ products in Li–CO₂ batteries, which increases their output voltage to higher than 3.0 V.

Short circuits from separator failure threaten lithium metal battery safety, but ultrafast temperature-responsive materials are lacking. Here a thermo-responsive electrolyte solidifies in seconds, preventing thermal runaway and enabling stable operation up to 90 °C.

The lithium metal is a promising anode material for batteries; however, the growth of dendrite and its instability against moisture are two technical challenges. Here the authors address both issues by introducing a bifunctional layer consisting of hydrophobic graphite fluoride and lithium fluoride.

Fabricating thin lithium electrodes is challenging due to lithium’s fragility and viscosity. Here, authors convert surface Li₂CO₃ on Ta-doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ to a lithiophilic layer via trifluoromethanesulfonic acid treatment, enabling precise control over lithium metal negative electrode thickness.

Li–CO₂ batteries following Li₂CO₃-product route suffers from low output voltage and severe parasitic reactions. Here, the authors introduce a copper-based solid redox mediator in Li–CO₂ batteries with an efficient Li₂C₂O₄ product route to circumvent the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetics caused by soluble mediators.

Transition metal dissolution from cathode materials limits the cycle life of Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors report an atomic-thin protecting layer on the surface of a high-voltage cathode material, enabling long-term Li-ion battery cycling.

Wu and colleagues present the efficacy and safety results from the phase 3 SCORES trial evaluating suvemcitug plus chemotherapy in persons with platinum-refractory or resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor (PARPi) resistance remains to be a significant challenge to ovarian cancer targeted therapies. Here, the authors employ a small-molecule compound screening to identify elesclomol, a potent copper ionophore, to overcome PARPi-resistance in BRCA-proficient ovarian cancer cells by suppressing the activation of the ATR-CHK1 DNA damage response pathway.

Improving the elongation of stretchable organic electronics typically increases flexibility at the expense of ductility. Here, authors construct a covalent network, reinforced by silica filler, for improving crack-onset strain and modulus, achieving efficiency of 16.5% for stretchable solar cells.

Phospholipid scrambling at the endoplasmic reticulum is essential for establishing a dynamic equilibrium to maintain cellular homeostasis.

B7H3 is an immune checkpoint overexpressed in many cancers and associated with tumor immune evasion. Here, the authors discover that in colorectal cancer, particularly microsatellite-stable tumors, palmitic acid promotes ZDHHC24- mediated B7H3 palmitoylation, regulating CD8⁺ T cell antitumor activity.

A flexible digital artificial intelligence chip with a compute-in-memory architecture is fabricated using a commercial low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor process and shows high accuracy in human daily activity monitoring using multimodal physiological signals.

Tricobalt tetraoxide (Co₃O₄) is a potential catalyst for low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide (required in automotive emission control) but although it is active even at subzero temperatures, it is highly sensitive to moisture. By forming Co₃O₄ into nanorods, Xiaowei Xie and colleagues make it more active and also stable in the presence of water; they attribute these improvements to the high density of catalytically active Co³⁺ sites exposed on the nanorod surface.

A colour correction array featuring red-, green- and blue-sensitive organic transistors integrated within a single pixel enables self-adaptive intensity and colour correction.

The advent of isolated attosecond XUV pulse sources marks a new era in attosecond science, pivotal for the investigation of core electron dynamics. Here the authors discover that the coherent Raman coupling between the cation states leads to extra timedelay between different transition channels by applying the attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy on the investigation of complex dynamics of strong field ionization of Krypton.

Buildings account for a large proportion of the global energy consumption. Here the electrochromic smart window realizes year-round energy savings by managing visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared light.

The authors utilize the pulsed electric stimulus near the critical electric field to perform the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition engineering, realizing enhancement and quick stabilization of capacitance in antiferroelectrics.

Extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage (EIPL) has been proposed as an approach to reduce peritoneal metastasis in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy. Here the authors report the results of the multicentric phase III SEIPLUS trial, showing that EIPL does not improve 3-year survival rate in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

As China’s cities grow, getting around town must keep pace. This study finds wide disparities in public transport accessibility in villages near and within major Chinese cities, suggesting the limitations of focusing on overall commute times.

This study demonstrates precise tuning of metal-organic framework pore structures by simply adjusting solvothermal temperature, enabling efficient gas separations (C₃H₆/C₃H₈, CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂) with good scalability and structural stability.

CABLE harnesses cytoarchitectural information such as cell or nuclear shape to infer fiber tracts in the brain of, for example, marmosets, macaques or humans.

The precise brain circuits underlying drug reward memory remain unclear. Here, authors show that the interconnected wirings between medial prefrontal cortex and claustrum contribute to the encoding and retrieval of methamphetamine reward memory in a pathway-specific manner.

Nanomotor delivery has the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes. Here, the authors use the natural reactive oxygen species gradient in the tumour microenvironment to target delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing plasmids using reactive oxygen species responsive nanomotors for metabolic disruption and immunotherapy.

The authors propose a design strategy of multiscale engineering to boost the polar entropy of BaTiO3-based system, by which the large and flexible polarization change can be offered synchronously, availing superior electrocaloric performance.

Metal-tip-based electron sources are constrained by a trade-off between energy spread and pulse width. Here the authors report a carbon-nanotube-based electron source with a 0.3-eV energy spread and an electron pulse width of about 13 fs.