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Prostate cancers (PCa) are characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here the authors identify a subset of iron-loaded cancer-associated fibroblasts secreting myeloid cell-associated proteins and driving immunosuppression in PCa.

Zhu and colleagues show that a subpopulation of spleen-derived fibroblasts secrete Gremlin 1, which suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia progression by inducing leukemia stem cell apoptosis through the BMP signaling pathway.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype with limited effective therapeutic options. Here, the authors identify the RNA-binding protein ELAVL3 as a driver of differentiation into NEPC via a positive feedback loop with MYCN and demonstrate the use of the repurposed drug pyrvinium pamoate to target this axis using preclinical models of NEPC.

Electrochemical CO₂ capture is hindered by the oxidation of redox-active organic molecules by O₂, affecting energy efficiency and capacity. Here the authors develop a flow cell in which the O₂-sensitive components are isolated from O₂, achieving 99% coulombic efficiency with low energy requirements.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces linoleic acid, which is released from macrophages during infection and upregulates regulatory T cell activity, to suppress macrophage control of intracellular bacteria in mice.

Current studies have provided limited knowledge on real-world chemical exposures and related risks. Here, the authors show serum exposure characteristics of humans in different regions and age groups, revealing diverse risk relationships with multiple chronic diseases.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Succinylation, a posttranslational modification on lysine residues, is involved in tumor progression. Here, authors show that PDHA1 K83 succinylation is involved in cholangiocarcinoma tumorigenesis through regulation of macrophage antigen presentation in the tumor microenvironment

This study identifies lineage-specific XEG1/XLP1 gene pair in the genus Phytophthora, revealing that selective pressure on these genes drives functional differentiation. This selection is closely linked to the host range and adaptability of Phytophthora species.

The high trap density associated with tin (II) oxidation impacts the device performance of methylammonium cation-free tin-lead perovskite solar cells. Here, authors employ rubidium acetate for defect passivation and achieve efficient and stable single-junction and all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

Sodium layered oxide-based cathodes of sodium-ion batteries commonly suffer from structural degradation. Here, authors propose entropy regulation with zero Li/Co usage to suppress lattice strain, enhancing structural stability and improving the electrochemical performance.

Jia and colleagues profile human glioblastoma samples and identify a population of macrophages characterized by Siglec-9 that drives immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance via restriction of T-cell priming. Their therapeutic elimination synergizes with immunotherapy.

The relevance of spliceosome core components in cancer is less understood. Here the authors show SmD2, a core component of the spliceosome machinery, is under acetylation-dependent regulation, which could be targeted to enhance sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma.

For decades, researchers have wondered whether algorithms used by artificial neural networks might be implemented by biological networks. Payeur et al. have strengthened the connection between neuroscience and artificial intelligence by showing that biologically plausible mechanisms can approximate key features of an essential artificial intelligence learning algorithm.

Chromosomal structural variations induced by CRISPR/Cas hinder its application in clinics. Here, the authors fuse Cas9 with optimized TREX2 to generate Cas9TX, which can prevent perfect repair and inhibit repeated cleavage.

A route to the rapid and batch production of 12 inch MoS₂ monolayers is reported, which shows a synergistic optimization of scale–cost–performance metrics for a transition from lab to fab.

Riboswitches consist of an aptamer domain and expression platform, which senses a signal and regulates gene expression, respectively. Here the authors show that the expression platform of a SAM-I riboswitch from the Gram-negative bacteria can sense and bind uncharged an initiator Met tRNA to control the met operon.

Despite being an established oncogenic driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), therapies targeting NRF2 hyperactivation are lacking. Here, the authors identify peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a mediator of NRF2 stability and demonstrate the efficacy of targeting this interaction with cyclosporin A in preclinical models of NSCLC.

Here, the authors use single-molecule long-read sequencing to decipher the role of structural variations in high-altitude adaptation, finding evidence that an intergenic deletion down-regulates EPAS1 by disrupting a super-enhancer.

A dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) mutant of Brassica oleracea was identified in 1970s and has been widely used for hybrid cabbage breeding, but its genetic basis is unclear. Here, the authors reveal that a 1-bp deletion in the promoter of the gene encoding a PHD-finger motif transcription factor is responsible for DGMS.

Xia et al. provide a method for deep learning of 3D facial images to predict biological age with an accuracy of ±2.8 yr from chronological age and its correlation with lifestyle indicators and blood transcriptomic age.

Varying growth temperatures enables the tuning of the degree of disorder, which is fully described by the absence/presence of medium-range order and temperature-dependent densities of nanocrystallites, and electrical conductivity in amorphous monolayer carbon films.

Time-restricted feeding in the resting period is a potent dietary regimen to enhance running endurance in mice, by synchronizing rhythms of perilipin-5 in muscle tissues through involvement of the circadian clock.

The authors demonstrate magnetic-field-free electric switching of superconducting nonreciprocity in Fe₃GeTe₂/NbSe₂ heterostructures. They apply this to propose and demonstrate a proof-of-concept “neural transistor”, a tetrode device that realizes an XOR gate with only a single transistor.

The preparation of composite hydrogels can allow for mechanical properties to be enhanced, and hierarchical structures can be effective. Here, the authors report improved mechanical properties by the addition of ceramic platelets to an organohydrogel in direct ink writing.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in severe lung inflammation and pathology, but host response remains incompletely understood. Here the authors show in Syrian hamsters that STAT2 signaling restricts systemic virus dissemination but also drives severe lung injury, playing a dual role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Connecting the different layers in thermoelectric modules is challenging. Yin et al. develop a low-temperature-sintered silver nanoparticle interlayer for high-temperature operation of devices based on a variety of thermoelectric materials.

Histone acetylation has been implicated in learning and memory. Neuron-specific overexpression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), but not HDAC1, is shown to decrease memory formation in a rodent model. This encourages development and testing of HDAC2-selective inhibitors for human diseases associated with memory impairment.

The role of gut microbiota in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains unclear. Here, the authors show disordered gut microbiota and reduced butyrate cause intestinal barrier damage in AML mice, with increased plasma LPS that accelerates AML progression.

Graphitic carbon nitride has long been considered a poor oxygen evolution catalyst. Here, the authors report a simple fluorination strategy to prevent the accumulation of inert C=O on carbon nitride to break through this bottleneck.

Solidification cracking during fusion welding of high-strength aluminum alloys has been a long-standing issue. Here, the authors achieve reliable and crack-free welding of 2024 aluminum alloy using a Zr-core-Al-shell wire and the oscillating laser-arc hybrid welding technique.

The establishment of a pre-metastatic niche is a key step preceding metastasis formation. Here the authors show that tumor-intrinsic Lin28B, a RNA-binding protein, has an essential role in the formation of an immune-suppressive pre-metastatic niche, promoting lung metastasis of breast cancer.

Previous work suggested that histone demethylase JMJD3 is detrimental to somatic cell reprogramming. Here, the authors show that while JMJD3 has a context-independent detrimental effect on early stages of reprogramming, during late stages it activates epithelial and pluripotency genes together with Klf4.

Soils from calcium-rich parent materials contained 33% higher organic carbon, 58% higher total nitrogen, and 55% higher total phosphorus than calcium-poor soils enhanced bacterial network complexity and soil functions, according to a large-scale field survey in Guangxi and Guizhou, China.

Authors carry out a genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, noting subclonal expansion, associated with the emergence of a hypervirulent subpopulation.

An air purification strategy is presented that moves air in the form of bubbles through an ion-doped conjugated polymer-coated matrix, which captures larger particulate matter, infiltrated with a selected functional liquid, which captures smaller particulate matter.