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Tumor endothelial cells are essential stromal components in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors find that endothelial-specific deletion of PDLIM5, an actin-binding protein, could inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth as well as enhance therapeutic responses in mouse tumor models.

Chen et al. report a tailored self-assembled monolayer to create a localized 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction. This strategy reduces interfacial loss, achieving photovoltages >90% of thermodynamic limit for wide-bandgap cells, and enables perovskite-organic tandem solar cells with efficiency of 27.11%.

Rhombohedral-stacked structures formed by 2D semiconductors are characterized by emerging physical properties, but their bottom-up growth remains challenging. Here, the authors report a chemical vapour deposition method to grow cm-scale rhombohedral-stacked WS₂/MoS₂ crystals with ferroelectric properties.

Genome evolutionary history of wild Arachis species remains unclear. Here, the authors report the origin of small chromosome A08 and genome evolution of Arachis species via comparative oligopainting and genomic analysis of A. hoehnei.

Alternative splicing greatly expands the transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in vertebrates. Here, the authors develop a machine-learning tool to identify functional splicing events during hematopoietic cell differentiation, revealing new regulators of hematopoiesis.

Self-amplifying RNA enables durable therapeutic expression, but its high immunogenicity and low-fidelity replication limit its use. Here, authors engineer a Norovirus-derived VPg-saRNA platform that achieves cap-independent, low-immunogenic and precise therapeutic protein expression in vivo.

The efficacy of radiotherapy is sometimes hindered by the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Chen et al. develop an injectable hydrogel encapsulating IL-12/aCTLA-4 co-engineered red blood cells, thereby alleviating hypoxia-induced radioresistance and sequentially releasing aCTLA-4/IL-12 to relieve tumor immunosuppression.

The performance of π-conjugated polymers films is limited by the short exciton diffusion lengths due to local imperfections or variations in interchain packing. Here, the authors report on large-area submillimeter-scale spherulites achieved by treating a spin-coated polydiarylfluorene film under solvent vapor annealing.

Using single-cell transcriptomics and functional analyses, the authors identify a specialized neural network in the male schistosome gynecophoric canal and show that lsamp maintains its integrity, enabling intersex communication and female reproductive maturation.

Eukaryotic Fanzor proteins are compact and advantageous for delivery, but their activity remains limited. Here, the authors engineer an improved Fanzor2 system (evoMmeFz2) using structure-guided and AI-assisted strategies to enable efficient exon skipping in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model.

Pan et al. report an N-Ni/NiCo@C catalyst for solar-driven photothermal methane dry reforming. Its designed structure enables a lattice oxygen-free reaction mechanism, achieving high efficiency and stability.

The controllable regio-divergent and enantioselective C–H bond transformation of secondary amines at different N-alkyl groups has remained underdeveloped. Herein, the authors report a Cu-catalyzed α’/β-regiodivergent and β-enantioselective cyanation of secondary amine-derived ureas through ligand-controlled adjustable 1,4’/1,5-hydrogen atom transfer.

Papaya is a trioecious species with XX females, XY males, and XY^h hermaphrodites, and the combination of Y and Y^h chromosomes is lethal. Here, the authors identify the degeneration of the YY lethality gene on the Y chromosome as the causal balancing lethal factor that reenforces dioecy and stabilizes balanced sex ratios.

Intermittent fasting (IF) has been recognized as a potential cancer therapeutic approach but its effect on tumor growth is limited. This study demonstrates that response to IF varies between glioblastoma subtypes, with IF specifically inhibiting Tp53-driven glioblastoma due to a reshaping of the gut microbiota and subsequent altered methionine metabolism suppressing TGF- β signaling.

Here the authors systematically benchmark 13 polygenic score (PGS) methods in UK Biobank European and African populations, revealing factors that affect prediction accuracy. They also introduce an automated platform for standardized and reproducible PGS computation.

The efficient mass transport is the key factor to advancing the flow-electrocatalytic chemosynthesis. Here, the authors design a flow-through architecture in flow electrolyzer, reinforcing mass transport in the electrolyte to achieve the high efficiency of continuous oxime electrosynthesis.

The authors introduce a non-invasive, ultrafast imaging method that combines femtosecond transient absorption microscopy with a WSe₂ exciton sensor to visualize multilevel exciton transport driven by correlated electronic states in twisted WS₂ moiré superlattices.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Spin-crossover complexes are promising candidates for molecular bits owing to their magnetic bistability but engineering high-density bits is challenging due to cooperative switching dynamics. Here the authors modulate the cooperative dynamics of surface-confined spin-crossover complex chains.

Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) effectively deliver mRNA to cells but suffer have low levels of endosomal release. Here the authors report on core-shell LNPs with ionizable lipid–coated gold nanoparticle cores with enhanced pH-responsive membrane disruption, endosomal escape, and cytosolic mRNA delivery improving therapeutic efficiency.

The advancement of bioorthogonal bond-breaking chemistry requires precise spatiotemporal control over chemical reactions. Here, the authors introduce a stimuli-responsive click–release platform based on the reaction between mono-alkylhydroxylamine and cyclooctyne, enabling rapid and nearly complete payload release, and apply it to release of anticancer drugs and anaesthetics.

In this work, Wu et al. develop and present PolyCLOVER, a framework that integrates multi-stage learning, active learning, and high-throughput experimentation to iteratively discover potent, low-toxicity polymeric antibiotics without relying on external labelled data.

Here they show that G9a-mediated H3K9me2 regulates intestinal homeostasis and injury repair through repression of cell cycle arrest genes in both mouse and human.

The potential of detecting acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is explored for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, this group reports a pH-responsive ratiometric photoacoustic sensor that dynamically monitors TME acidity throughout HCC initiation, progression, and metastasis.

Isoxazoles, oxazoles, and other five-membered heteroaromatics are prevalent motifs in core structure of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Here the authors report a photochemical platform for the selective conversion of isoxazoles into oxazoles, pyrazoles, pyrroles, and isothiazoles by exploiting excited-state reactivity.

Scalable fabrication of perovskite films for large-area solar cells remains a critical challenge. Jin et al. identify the solvent-precursor interaction time as a crucial, yet overlooked, kinetic parameter controlling crystallization and propose a protocol for manufacturing high-quality perovskite films.

Conventional organic polymeric resists and chemical solutions used in microlithographic techniques can damage sensitive materials. Here, the authors report the application of inorganic selenium molecules as a lithographic mediator and encapsulation layer during the processing of various sensitive materials, such as perovskites and black phosphorus.

This study defines tissue- and sex-specific N- and O-glycoproteomes of adult Schistosoma mansoni, uncovers novel and HexA-modified glycans, shows glycosylation is essential for parasite survival, and reveals vaccine candidates as glycoproteins.

Most studies assessing food self-sufficiency look at calories and neglect nutrient gaps. Comparing food demand and potential food production under land and water constraints, this study quantifies 9 key nutrient gaps for each of African’s 54 countries.

Spin transport properties of magnetically ordered materials have been well studied. Here, the authors report an anomalous spin signal exhibiting spin transport over 480 microns in the frustrated hyperkagome magnetic insulator Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂.

All-in-one computing, which merges sensing, linear computing, and nonlinear activation, is a critical goal for next-generation AI hardware. Here, Zhang et al. introduce a high-speed, reconfigurable split-floating-gate memory, enabling multi-function integration within a unified platform and hardware native neuromorphic processing.

Phagocytes must safely remove mitochondria released after tissue injury to prevent harmful immune activation. Here, the authors show that TMEM110 preserves lysosomal function to clear mitochondrial DNA, thereby limiting organ damage and mortality after traumatic brain injury.

Soil life relies on microbial nutrient exchange to maintain ecosystem balance. This study shows that cobamide-producing microbes act as essential connectors in soil food webs, supporting host health and highlighting cross-kingdom links central to One Health.

In osteoporotic fracture-related infection (FRI), coordinated bone healing is compromised by cortical bone lysis and persistent bacterial colonization. Here, Li et al. report a dual-action nanocomposite bisphosphonates hydrogel for treatment of osteoporotic FRI that preserves cortical bone integrity and restores fracture healing.

The authors demonstrate a magnetic compute-in-memory platform that performs convolution using domain wall motion, enabling highly energy- and area-efficient processing for future AI hardware.

2D diamond is expected to show superior properties compared to bulk diamond, but its synthesis remains challenging. Here, the authors report a high-temperature high-pressure method to fabricate thermally stable 2D diamond via laser-heating of few-layer graphene in a diamond anvil cell, providing relevant insights into the 2D graphene-diamond transformation mechanisms.

Ma et al. report an organic cation engineering strategy to improve the luminescent properties and charge transport in organic-inorganic antimony halide films, enabling red LEDs with efficiency up to 19.4% and half-lifetime of 10,190 min. Large-area (12.15 cm²) LEDs show efficiency of 14.2%.

On-chip circularly polarized light (CPL) detectors are relevant for various applications, but current approaches have shown a trade-off between wide spectral detection range, high discrimination ratio and high polarization sensitivity. Here, the authors report broadband high-performance CPL detectors based on twisted black phosphorus structures.

Zhang et al. report a foundry-compatible γ-ray treatment to induce chemical bond changes of organic contaminants in carbon nanotube transistors, mitigating the imperfections at the carbon nanotube/dielectric interface, reducing the off-state current density to 112.2 pA μm-1, and achieving radiation tolerance up to 100 Mrad(Si).

Psychedelics and their non-hallucinogenic analogues were compared, revealing that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR)-mediated G_i signalling is essential for hallucinogenic effect, with the functional mechanisms underlying this providing insights for designing therapeutic drugs without hallucinogenic effects.

Altermagnets combine spin-split electronic bands with zero net magnetization, making them ideal for integration into spin-based information processing devices. Here Guo, Chen, Zeng, and coauthors demonstrate a magnetic memory making use of the altermagnetic spin splitting torque in a three terminal MRAM device.

Here authors prepare a defect-rich Mg–Mn layered double hydroxide, which via a spatiotemporally ordered topotactic transformation, achieving synergistic comineralisation of As^III and Cd²⁺.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Xu et al. report that inhibition of the F-box protein FBXL2 enhances HER2 expression, rendering HER2-negative breast cancer sensitive to the anti-HER2–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan.

Gravitationally induced stratification during self-assembly often leads to density driven vertical segregation limiting the synthesis of metastable nanofilms. Here, the authors address this limitation with an antigravity confined interfacial self-assembly synthesis where capillary forces dominate and enable precise molecular organization resulting in ordered and stable nanofilms.

Accurately locating underground contaminations is a major hurdle for cleaning up groundwater. Here, the authors address this issue by designing a smart nano reporter that travels with groundwater and releases signals upon contact with even trace-level contamination, allowing precise mapping of the residual organic contaminants.

Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal group 23 is a public health concern due to hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance. Here, the authors sequence 13 new isolates of the ST218-KL57 strain from China and conduct genomic analyses to investigate evolutionary divergence and resistance patterns.