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The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Osteoarthritis is driven by epigenetic dysregulation, yet targeted therapies remain elusive. Here, the authors develop a cartilage-targeting hydrogel delivering BRD4-degrading PROTACs to suppress the BRD4- Nav1.7 axis and alleviate osteoarthritis.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

The authors report magneto-transport experiments on La₂PrNi₂O₇ thin films under pulsed magnetic fields up to 64 T to suppress the superconductivity. They find that the normal state is a highly renormalised Fermi liquid.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Self-assembled hole-selective molecules can enable high performance in perovskite solar cells, but controlling the hole extraction efficiency is challenging. Tianyu Li et al. address this by designing molecules that adopt a quasi-random orientation on the substrate.

Two distinct types of atomic insulator can be distinguished by the distribution of charges within the unit cell. Now, real-space imaging of WSe₂ shows that it is a so-called obstructed insulator.

Solid-state synthesis of single-crystalline battery cathodes is widely used but remains poorly understood. Here, authors reveal competing multiscale chemical and structural processes during sintering that are crucial for understanding structure–property relationships and guiding materials optimization.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

This study comprehensively maps neuropeptide systems in the human brain to elucidate their organizational principles and shows how neuropeptide architecture is linked to behavior and evolution.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo complex transitions to multiple disease-related phenotypes in coronary artery disease. Using vascular smooth muscle lineage-traced single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, the authors map molecular spatiotemporal patterns of murine atherosclerosis and discover molecular mechanisms of TCF21-mediated coronary artery disease risk.

Soil microbes recycle nutrients, but their global nutrient use efficiency is poorly understood. This study finds microbial nitrogen-use efficiency is nearly twice phosphorus-use efficiency, driven by soil carbon content, and is lowest in tundra and boreal forests.

The morphology of hole-selective contacts is key to the stability of perovskite solar cells. Feng et al. use self-assembled molecules with extended conjugation and hydroxyl groups to form dense, amorphous films that suppress degradation induced by ion migration.

Coupling two ionic thermoelectric effects in n-type materials is scarce, restricting the development of high-performance systems. Here, the authors present an ionic-thermoelectric material with interactive thermo-diffusion/galvanic coupling effect based on coordination chemistry.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

A multiplexed RNA detection method exploits crRNA-dependent variability in Cas13a activity on RNA targets for kinetic barcoding and can be used to distinguish among SARS-CoV-2 variants in clinical samples.

Nonlinear optical micropolarimetry and atomistic Monte Carlo simulations of monolayer NiPS₃ evidence a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase that, with decreasing temperature, gives way to long-range order consistent with a six-state clock model.

The first-in-human clinical trial of the LRRK2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide BIIB094 in Parkinson’s disease demonstrates that the treatment is well tolerated and produces dose-dependent reductions in cerebrospinal fluid levels of LRRK2 and phosphorylated Rab10, indicating successful target engagement.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

The linear dispersion and massless behaviour of excitons have been predicted for two-dimensional materials but have not been experimentally demonstrated. Now this behaviour is observed using momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy.

Achieving robustness against a dynamic physiological environment is a challenge for neuromorphic prostheses. An interface made of a self-healing hydrogel and electrodes acts as a physical reservoir of a neuromorphic prosthesis, achieving minimal susceptibility to physical damage.

Obi, Yan and colleagues identified an HIV-1-encoded circular RNA (circHIV) in plasma from people living with HIV and in infected primary cells and T-cell lines. CircHIV binds to the viral Tat protein and enhances transcription from the viral promoter.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Self-supervised reconstruction structured illumination microscopy (SSR-SIM) is a reconstruction approach for SIM that improves image reconstruction by including light modulation priors and information on reconstruction artifacts, while simultaneously eliminating the need for ground-truth images. The improvements allow long-term imaging of sensitive cellular processes.

Analysis of the somatic and transcriptomic profile of 123 acral melanoma samples from Mexican patients helps understand tumour origins and prognosis, and highlights the importance of including samples from diverse ancestries in cancer genomics studies.

Heusler compounds have been predicted to host topological order with other emergent properties, which yet awaits for experimental evidence. Here, Liu et al. report a direct observation of topological surface states on half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited efficacy in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma (rHGA). Here the authors report the results of a Phase 1/randomized Phase 2b trial of laser interstitial thermal therapy followed by anti-PD1 pembrolizumab in patients with rHGA.

This study shows that rising incomes and hotter climates are driving a boom in air conditioning use, which adds to global warming. This highlights the need for clean, efficient and equitable cooling solutions.

Li et al. report a spatially decoupled heavy atom antenna strategy by integrating alkyl bromides into a hybridized local and charge-transfer scaffold, originated from benzothiadiazole acceptors, to create an organic scintillator with a short radiative lifetime of 3.42 ns and spatial resolution around 50 lp mm^-1.

This study uses two large fundus cohorts to show that retinal foundation models generalize well across populations but exhibit age-related fairness gaps. It highlights how pre-training data composition shapes model generalisability and fairness.

This Review summarizes the use of topological modes to enable compact laser architectures, alongside emerging research directions involving non-Hermitian band topology, non-linear gain dynamics and quasiperiodic ordering.

It is unclear whether the harsh abiotic conditions of drylands hinder biological invasions. This global analysis shows that drylands are vulnerable to non-native plants and are likely to become more so as native plant diversity declines and grazing pressure intensifies.

HfO₂-based ferroelectric materials are promising for non-volatile memory applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a highly enhanced ferroelectricity in Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂/Hf_0.9La_0.1O₂ multilayers, which approach the theoretical limit.

By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Basal cells, rather than neuroendocrine cells, have been identified as the probable origin of small cell lung cancer and other neuroendocrine–tuft cancers, explaining neuroendocrine–tuft heterogeneity and offering new perspectives for targeting lineage plasticity.

This scoping review highlights the potential of mobile and wearable technologies for continuous monitoring of depressive symptoms. Analyzing 52 studies, it identifies key predictive features and demonstrates that personalized models substantially enhance accuracy in just-in-time depression prediction.

The transcriptional program that regulates immunosuppression in conventional dendritic cells needs exploration. The authors here identify ETS homologous factor (EHF) as a transcription factor that regulates cDC maturation and functions, with its deletion limits while its overexpression promotes cDCs immunosuppression function both in vitro and in vivo.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Isotope engineering can enhance spin coherence of solid-state defects, such as NV centers in diamond but progress for defects in hBN has been limited. Gong et al. report the optimization of isotopes in hBN and demonstrate improved coherence and relaxation times for the negatively charged boron vacancy centers.