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Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

A complete genome assembly of a crab-eating macaque, revealing 46% fewer segmental duplications and 3.83 times longer centromeres than those of humans, is presented, enhancing understanding of lineage-specific phenotypes, adaptation and primate evolution.

Ultraviolet-C radiation sources are important for disinfection and photochemical water purification, but development of persistent phosphors is needed for other applications. Here the authors report praseodymium-doped silicate ultraviolet-C persistent phosphors for self-sustained glowing tags in bright light.

Excitons are important excitations in solids with potential applications in quantum and spintronic technologies. The authors achieve bidirectional control of exciton energy in a twodimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor via interfacial spin-exciton coupling.

This study traces the origin of PYL-like proteins to bacterial symbionts, where their ABA-independent PP2C-binding ability first emerged and was subsequently maintained in land plants.

Zhu, Fu, Zhu, Li and colleagues found that the key DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promotes transcriptional restart after DNA damage through PARylating and stabilizing AFF1 by preventing its ubiquitylation by the E3 ligase Siah1.

The mechanism of HIV-1 latency reversal remains unclear. The authors suggest that PRMT3 drives the reversal by enhancing chromatin accessibility to form a transcriptional hub containing TEAD4 and P-TEFb at the viral promoter.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 3,023 human genomes from mainland Southeast Asia identifies high genetic heterogeneity among populations in the region and many unique small and structural variants.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Coastal risk assessment under future climate change is important for effective adaptation, but multidimensional analyses are still rare. Here the researchers find that inappropriate development policies could have a greater effect on exposure to flooding than sea-level rise up to 2100 in China.

Proton transfer plays a key role in fuel-producing reactions, but directly monitoring these processes in heterogeneous electrocatalysts is challenging. Now it has been shown that shifts in the Tafel slope in protic versus deuteric electrolytes can elucidate the rate-determining step during water splitting and reveal pH- and structure-dependent proton transfer behaviours.

Hydrogen embrittlement limits the strengthening of aluminum alloys. Here, the authors propose the precipitate switching strategy to effectively control hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength aluminum alloys by utilizing the hydrogen trapping effect at T phase.

Proper splicing requires efficient spliceosome assembly. Here the authors reveal that zinc finger protein 207 interacts with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein to accelerate spliceosome assembly by increasing the local concentration of splicing regulators through phase separation.

Osteosarcoma survival rates have been largely unchanged for several decades, and treatment response is variable. Here, the authors analyzed genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic data from 121 osteosarcoma patients and identify subtypes related to treatment outcome.

Future exposure to coastal flooding in China is driven more by growing populations and economic activity rather than by rising seas and intensifying storm surges. Policymakers must anticipate these multiple risk drivers to better inform spatial planning and development strategies and to ensure effective, sustainable coastal adaptation.

Early-onset lung cancer in young adults remains poorly studied. Here, the authors analyse the clinicopathological, molecular, and immune features of early-onset non-small cell lung cancers in a cohort of 421 patients across ten medical centres in China, identifying potential therapeutic strategies for this subgroup.

A compact Cas9 ortholog, Cj4Cas9, enables efficient genome editing in vivo compatibility.

Accurately predicting drug-target interactions and distinguishing the drug mechanisms are critical in drug discovery. The authors here propose a unified framework for predicting drug-target interactions, binding affinities and drug mechanisms.

A recent study using genomic modelling has uncovered the complex population history of wheat in the Holocene, identified convergent adaptation during bread wheat’s spread across Eurasia and predicted future population decline of its key relatives.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Long noncoding RNAs and certain unstable transcripts tend to localize to chromatin, in a process that is shown here to depend on an RNA motif that recognizes the small nuclear ribonuclear protein U1, and to rely on transcription.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

With the example of the paraspeckle protein PSPC1, Shao et al. demonstrated the synergistic interplay of promoter-associated RNA and its binding proteins in promoting transcription condensate formation and Pol II engagement and activity via phase separation.

The mechanisms underlying optimal transcriptional activation remain elusive. Here, the authors show that CRISPR-SunTag activators form liquid-like droplets and boost gene expression, while increased SunTag scaffolds creates solid-like condensates that sequester coactivators, impairing activation.

Bone and blood lineage cells communicate with each other to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Here, the authors show that MIRO1-mediated mitochondrial transfer from osteolineage to myeloid lineage cells regulates bone resorption by altering glutathione metabolism.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Microglia are professional phagocytes in the CNS. However, which cells scavenge corpses of microglia is largely neglected. Peng and colleagues found that nonprofessional phagocytes (astrocyte) phagocytose the debris of professional phagocytes (microglia).

Fu et al. identify the highly conserved, transmembrane micropeptide, NEMEP, as a direct target of Nodal signaling, essential for mesendoderm differentiation. NEMEP interacts with the glucose transporters GLUT1/GLUT3 and promotes glucose uptake.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses in populations of East Asian and European ancestries identify variant–trait associations for 44 hippocampal traits and provide insight into the genetic architectures of hippocampal and subfield volumes.

Understanding the structural dynamics of single-atom site in electrochemical reactions is crucial for design of an efficient catalyst. Here, the authors develop highly active Pt single-atom electrocatalyst, and reveal the dynamic evolution of active sites by using operando synchrotron spectroscopy.

Carbon dioxide can be electrochemically reduced to form valuable chemical feedstocks, but efficiency of electrocatalysts should be improved. Here the authors report nanotube-derived bismuth for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to formate, with performance that is enhanced by defects.

Electrochemical CO₂ reduction to the valuable n-propanol is challenging due to the complicated C₃ forming mechanism. Here, authors demonstrate double sulfur vacancies formed on hexagonal copper sulfide can serve as efficient electrocatalytic centers.

By assembling a high-quality carrot reference genome and resequencing 630 accessions, a study by Coe et al. reveals the transformative journey of carrot from wild progenitor to modern cultivar and the concomitant accumulation of carotenoids in its taproot.

Comparison of single-cell m6A methods and development of a freely accessible database, Scm6A, enabling prediction and visualization of m6A modifications across human and mouse single-cell and spatial transcriptomes.

Li et al. provide a transcriptional and epigenetic characterization of microglia in aging mice brain by developing a three-round depletion–repopulation (3xDR) model to study aged microglia in non-aged brain, giving insights into the molecular mechanism underlying microglia aging.

Climate change-induced permafrost thawing is expected to decrease carbon sinks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau between 2020-2060, while ecological restoration projects are expected to enhance them, according to analysis of carbon budget.