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Anhydroicaritin-loaded mesenchymal stem cell exosomes attenuates IMQ-induced murine psoriasis-like skin inflammation and acted as a therapeutic candidate for psoriasis management.

This study identifies S100B as a regulator of communication between pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and macrophages during airway repair, revealing an S100B-arginase-1 pathway that may be leveraged to enhance lung regeneration.

Multi-channel SMLM imaging is powerful. Here the authors report globLoc, a GPU-based global fitting algorithm, to extract maximum information from multichannel single molecule data; this gives improved localisation precision for biplane and 4Pi-SMLM and colour assignment in multi-colour astigmatic SMLM.

C(sp³)–H fluoroalkylation of bioactive molecules is a challenge. Now, a scalable and site-selective allylic fluoroalkylation of terpenes and olefins has been developed using a cobaloxime catalyst. Mechanistic studies reveal the process probably proceeds through halogen-atom transfer and hydrogen-atom transfer steps.

The authors present the adaptive optics system MD-FSS, which allows high-resolution brain imaging in awake mice with rapid aberrations correction against motion. It reveals differences in brain function between awake and anesthetized states, improving our understanding of neurovascular dynamics.

Allylic amination of unactivated alkenes with aliphatic amines is a long-standing synthetic challenge in organic chemistry. This is now accomplished in an oxidant-free, site-selective process by using a combination of a photocatalyst and cobalt complex for the coupling of olefins and alkyl amines with hydrogen evolution.

Coordination-driven supramolecular assembly provides the ability to build molecular architectures of impressive complexity. Here, the authors use a series of linear metal-organic ligands with specific sequences to construct multiple generations of precisely-controlled, 2D fractal polycyclic supramolecules.

A fibre-shaped light emitting electrochemical cell that can be woven and integrated with textiles offers new opportunities for smart fabrics.

Radiation-induced malignantly transformed cells undergo multi-scale 3D genome reorganization. TP63 acts as a key mediator, creating accessible chromatin sites that form tumour-specific loops activating the MYC oncogene during malignant transformation.

Ketamine is used for sedation and treatment of depression, but is also a drug of abuse. Here the authors show that ketamine modulates the endocannabinoid system in mice, and that this may contribute to its psychoactive effects.

Treating myocardial reperfusion injury via nanotherapy is challenging due to clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Here, the authors target the spleen to reduce acute heart injury and improve long-term cardiac function via transient IRF7 inhibition.

Wu et al. show that glucosamine acts as a P-glycoprotein activator, rapidly enhancing intestinal drug efflux and reducing drug absorption. The authors propose this as a detox strategy to improve survival outcomes following paraquat exposure.

This study reveals that RNA silencing component Argonaute 2 (AGO2) loads small RNAs at endoplasmic reticulum–chloroplast membrane contact sites with the help of RNA helicase 3 (RH3), which also enhances the loading of viral-derived small RNAs. These findings highlight the connections between RNA silencing, viral replication, and plant antiviral resistance.

Psoriasis is a skin disease associated with neurogenic inflammation. Here, the authors activation of ASIC3 on sensory neurons that leads to the release of CGRP, which triggers inflammation through dendritic cells and drives psoriatic inflammation.

The red fluorescent protein mScarlet3-H is bright, photostable and very robust to high temperature, chaotropic conditions and oxidative environments. mScarlet3-H works well in correlative light and electron microscopy, tissue clearing and time-lapse super-resolution microscopy.

In this study, Wang et al. show that the glycolytic metabolite phosphoenolpyruvate, produced by enolase 2, contributes to colorectal cancer malignancy and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy by inhibiting endogenous histone deacetylase 1 and favouring β-catenin signalling.

Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of risk-based target-to-treat cholesterol-lowering interventions on cardiovascular risk. Here, the authors show that treat-to-target cholesterol-lowering interventions could exert an equivalent protective effect of statin therapeutic trials using data from a 29-year cohort study.

Quantum random number generators based on laser phase noise provide access to truly unpredictable sequences, but the speed and implementation complexity have posed significant challenges, particularly for chip-scale integration. To address these limitations, this work introduces a general physical model based on the Wiener process to clearly explain the performance bottleneck for such a scheme and presents a simple filtering method to significantly boost the bandwidth of the quantum entropy source, achieving an ultra-fast generation rate of 156 Gbps.

Envelope glycoproteins from Asia prevalent HIV-1 subtypes, CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC, remain less explored. Here, the authors reveal the unique features of their V1 regions, associate them with the resistance to certain broad neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), and unravel the epitope and mechanism of a bNAb from CRF01_AE infected individuals.

The haptic interface is an essential part of human–machine interfaces where tactile information is delivered between human and machine. Yao et al. develop a soft, ultrathin, miniaturized and wireless electrotactile system that allows virtual tactile information to be reproduced over the hand.

Regulating spin state of metal cations in catalysts is recognized as a strategy to improve water oxidation. Herein, the authors constructed high-spin cobalt ions in cobalt oxyhydroxides, experimentally demonstrating accelerated electron transfer ability and thereby superior water oxidation performance.

Radiation dosimetry are critical for the medical management of individuals exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, authors show that the RNA m6A levels of Ncoa4, Ate1 and Fgf22 genes in peripheral blood cells could serve as dosimetry of IR exposure.

Metal-mediated self-assembly in solution typically leads to small two- and three-dimensional architectures on scales smaller than 10 nm, but now a series of large, discrete, two-dimensional supramolecular hexagonal grids have been prepared through a combination of intra- and intermolecular coordination interactions. These 20-nm-wide grids have been imaged at submolecular resolution using scanning tunnelling microscopy.

The authors show an important role for iron in B cell proliferation via histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylation at the cyclin E1 promoter. Using a measles vaccination murine model, they show that iron-deficient individuals have a significantly reduced antibody response to the vaccine when compared to iron-normal controls.

Wang et al. identify a promoter variant in xanthine oxidoreductase associated with diabetic kidney disease through increased podocyte depletion and glomerular injury.

Deep-learning models trained on retinal fundus images can be used to identify chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes and to predict the risk of the progression of these diseases.

Nested structures are common throughout nature and art, yet remain challenging synthetic targets in supramolecular chemistry. Here, the authors design multitopic terpyridine ligands that coordinate into nested concentric hexagons, and show that these discrete supramolecules display potent antimicrobial activity.

How sulfur dioxide emitted through coal combustion is oxidized to sulfate particles during winter haze pollution events has been the subject of debate. Here, the authors show that rapid oxidation takes place by nitrogen dioxide and nitrous acid, producing nitrous oxide together with sulfate.

The COVID-19 pandemic has stopped many human activities, which has had significant impact on emissions of greenhouse gases. Here, the authors present daily estimates of country-level CO₂ emissions for different economic sectors and show that there has been a 8.8% decrease in global CO2 emissions in the first half of 2020.

With a comprehensive analysis of sequencing data, DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation in a large number of human glioblastomas, The Cancer Genome Atlas project initiative provides a broad overview of the genes and pathways that are altered in this cancer type.