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Limiting dietary methionine protects against kidney fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β– Smad3–Hoxc8/P-TEFb pathway, identifying Hoxc8 as a central driver of fibrosis and a potential therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

Probing transient intermediates and deriving subsequent mechanistic and kinetic analyses is very challenging. Now, Pd–H* intermediates on palladium nanocubes are identified at the single-particle level by means of single-molecule reaction imaging, evidencing intra- and interparticle heterogeneity and hydrogen spillover events.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) since the Last Interglacial is reconstructed, showing orbital-scale shifts in ACC position driven by eccentricity and precession, possibly counteracting the predicted southward shift due to global warming.

Graphene-based electrodes are limited by difficulty in controlling the geometry and variability. Here, the authors present a method to construct covalently bonded, uniform, and high-yield graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions with high stability and atomic precision.

PKM2 is involved in the aging process but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, the authors show that PKM2 forms aggregates during aging and identify two small molecules which can dissolve the PKM2 aggregates and delay aging.

The selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy is essential for cell homeostasis. Here, Nan et al show that the effector protein BipD, secreted by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is able to modulate host mitophagy to promote its survival.

The authors show that neuroprotective and neurotoxic astrocytes represent transitional cellular substates present during neuroinflammation and that targeting mTOR in astrocytes reduces neurotoxicity, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.

The crystallographically forbidden fivefold symmetry in icosahedra remains a long-standing mystery. Here, the authors resolve the three-dimensional atomic structure of Janus-like icosahedral nanoparticles with atomic resolution by electron tomography.

Hydrogen bonds impact the chemical, physical and biological properties of molecular materials, but are rarely able to induce significant changes in electrical properties. Now a dynamic-to-static transition of hydrogen bonds in an organic–inorganic superlattice has been shown to yield a metal–insulator transition with an on–off ratio of 10⁷ in electrical resistivity.

The mechanical stability of catalytic electrodes is crucial for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. Here, the authors report a corrosion strategy to construct an electrode with high mechanical stability by anchoring a blade-shaped catalytic layer onto a dense interlayer.

Inspired by the rich ion dynamics and interplay in biological channels, the authors report cooperative and inhibitory ion transport in angstrom-scale acetate functionalized MoS₂ two-dimensional channels.

It remains unclear how microbes and plants contribute to soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual. Here, using biomarkers, the authors show that microbial necromass and plant-derived lignin components have divergent accumulation mechanisms and that microbial necromass plays a key role in SOC accumulation.

TMEM164 is an early-response intrinsic factor that inhibits the induction of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, and whose astrocyte-specific overexpression alleviates the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases in mice.

The transcription factor RORγt is essential for the differentiation of T_H17 cells, thymocyte development and lymphoid organogenesis. Here the authors show that the function of RORγt is regulated by PIAS4-mediated sumoylation that stabilize the interaction with SRC1 and KAT2A, to enhance the transcriptional activity of RORγt.

While (oxy)hydroxides are effective oxygen evolution electrocatalysts, the impacts of pre-catalyst properties on catalyst activities are challenging to assess. Here, authors find Mo dopants in Ni-Fe (oxyhydroxides) to promote lattice oxygen participation and to boost oxygen evolution activities.

Melting and squeezing pure metals between two sapphires covered in molybdenum disulfide produces diverse two-dimensional metals at the ångström thickness limit.

Methods for studying the adsorption behaviour of molecules onto surfaces under reactive and non-reactive conditions are needed to improve photocatalysts for water treatment. Here the authors develop an imaging technique, adCOMPEITS, to quantify the adsorption of micropollutants on Au/TiO₂ and identify a long-range enhancement effect.

Polyketide yields in Streptomyces are boosted by routing stored intracellular triacylglycerol into pathways that make industrially relevant products.

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can initiate an adaptive or maladaptive response after injuries of different severity. Here, the authors elucidate a chromatin-mediated mechanism underlying the responses of TECs to varying kidney injuries.

Functional devices based on sliding ferroelectrics remain elusive. This work demonstrates the rewritable, non-volatile memory devices at room-temperature with two-dimensional sliding ferroelectric rhombohedral-stacked bilayer MoS₂. The device shows overall good performance and can be made flexible.

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are highly dynamic and play pivotal roles in cellular processes but can be difficult to study. Here, the authors develop a single-molecule nanocircuit for the real-time monitoring of c-Myc conformational transitions and their interaction with ligands.

The flagella of mammalian sperm display non-planar, asymmetric beating, but the molecular basis is unclear. Chen et al. performed in situ cryo-ET of mouse and human sperm and discovered asymmetric distributions of regulatory complexes that could generate asymmetric bending force.

Developing catalysts for biomass electrooxidation are critical in electric refinery. The reaction mechanism, however, is still ambiguous. Here, the authors reveal how proton and oxygen anion deintercalation in hydroxide determine the elementary reaction steps in a model reaction of glycerol oxidation.

Many Gram-negative bacteria rely on a type III secretion system (T3SS) for their pathogenicity. Here authors present the cryo-EM structure of the E.coli T3SS ATPase-central stalk complex, which forms a homohexameric, asymmetric pore with different functional states.

The distribution of dihedral angles in film state has significant influence on excited state lifetimes of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. Here authors report conformation distribution confinement strategy to achieve fast spin-flipping for efficient organic light-emitting diodes.

Understanding interfacial and cellular electron transport is essential for guiding efficiency optimization in microbe–semiconductor biohybrids for energy conversion. A multimodal imaging platform that combines optical imaging and photocurrent mapping can now interrogate such electron-transport pathways at the single-cell level, uncovering different roles of hydrogenases and a microbe’s large electron-uptake capacity.

Neuromuscular disease is often marked by insufficient neural activation of muscle activity, resulting in muscle weakness. Fady Malik and colleagues have developed an orally available small molecule that sensitizes muscles to neural activity by reducing the off rate of calcium binding to troponin C. They validate the therapeutic potential of this drug in vivo in a rat model of myasthenia gravis and show that treatment improves grip strength by 50%.

Mi et al. report a super-enhancer signature in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease that regulates metabolic reprogramming during cystogenesis and controls cyst growth.

Bacterial allosteric transcription factors can sense and respond to a variety of small molecules. Here the authors present CaT-SMelor which uses Cas12a and allosteric transcription factors to detect small molecules in the nanomolar range.

The in vivo function of CRMP2 is unclear. Zhang et al. generate and characterize brain-specific Crmp2knockout mice. These mice show impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal maturation and synaptic transmission, and exhibit schizophrenia-related behavioral deficits.

Wearable and skin-like X-ray detectors need intrinsic flexibility and high sensitivity. Here Guo et al. develop a stretchable n-type polymer semiconductor with aligned nanofiber networks which achieve photosensitivity of 1.52×10^4 μC Gyair^-1 cm^−2 and low detection limit of 37.7 nGyair s^-1.

Adsorption is a fundamentally important process but challenging to quantify, especially at the nanoscale. Here, the authors map the adsorption affinity and cooperativity of various ligands on single gold nanoparticles and discover adsorption crossover behaviors between different facets, leading to a strategy to control particle shape.

Mapk7 regulates bone mass and bone marrow adiposity by controlling mesenchymal stem cells fate transition through phosphorylation of Ser1490 of LRP6 and promoting nuclear translocation of β-catenin.

The structure of the GABA_B receptor in an inactive state reveals, amongst other features, a latch between the two subunits that locks the transmembrane domain interface, and the presence of large phospholipids that may modulate receptor function.

The structural basis of the interactions between Rubisco and its intrinsically disordered linker protein provides insight into phase separation within the algal pyrenoid, an organelle responsible for around a third of global CO₂ fixation.

The cryo-EM structure of a megacomplex between chimeric GPCR, G protein and β-arrestin in their canonical active conformations provides insight into the basis of sustained G protein signaling upon megacomplex internalization.