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Calorie burning is normally turned off in thermogenic brown fat at warm temperatures. Here the authors show that adipocyte oxygen sensing directly boosts brown fat calorie burning, even at warm temperatures.

X. Du, W. Li, G. Li, C. Guo et al. report that dietary galactose regulates the cellular crosstalk between hepatocytes and CD8⁺ T cells via IGFBP-1 production and IGF-1 signalling, thereby modulating T cell exhaustion and antitumour immunity.

Snakes are capable of non-planar gaits, such as sidewinding. Now observations of juvenile anacondas reveal another non-planar gait resembling an S shape. Calculations show how topological dynamics of active filaments enable such movements.

Many chemical reactions rely on the preference of copper for positive oxidation states. In this work, the authors report that the reaction of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligated copper alkoxide with a dimeric magnesium(I) compound results in a stable compound with a Cu-Mg bond which acts as a nucleophilic source copper in the formal oxidation state of Cu(-I).

Cold stimulation induces the synthesis and release of the lipid species 12,13-diHOME from brown adipose tissue. This ‘lipokine’ then acts on brown adipocytes to promote the uptake of fatty acids to fuel this cell type's heat production.

A subset of pediatric gliomas harbour alterations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-family proteins. Here, the authors characterise the genomic landscape of 11,635 gliomas across ages and use isogenic model systems to explore the underlying biology of FGFR1-altered gliomas and potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Shabanzadeh et al. identify and validate a pathway whereby RGMa cleavage by SKI-1 modifies gene expression related to blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity after stroke. SKI-1 inhibition restores BBB integrity and neuronal function in mouse and rabbit stroke models.

Bacterial colonies growing on solid surfaces can exhibit robust expansion kinetics, with constant radial growth and saturating vertical expansion. Here, the authors use modeling and experiments to show that colony growth dynamics are driven by an interplay of mechanical constraints and nutrient gradients arising from obligatory metabolic processes.

Preventing endosomal damage sensing or using lipids that create reparable endosomal holes reduces inflammation caused by RNA–lipid nanoparticles while enabling high RNA expression.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Here the authors show that REST/NRSF represses non-muscle lineage genes in muscle stem cells and progenitors, preserving their identity and differentiation capacity. Loss of REST disrupts gene silencing, impairs muscle regeneration, and leads to stem cell pool depletion.

Identifying genes involved in MYC-driven lymphoma reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here, the authors show by using CRISPR knockout screens in primary cells in vivo that the GATOR1 complex suppresses MYC-driven lymphomagenesis, and that GATOR1-deficient lymphomas are sensitive to mTOR inhibitors.

A genome wide association study of an African vector of schistosomiasis revealed two genomic regions associated with resistance to Schistosoma mansoni. These findings will inform novel control strategies to interrupt transmission to humans.

This study reveals that cells of the zebrafish kidney can originate from the somites, structures traditionally held as precursors to the skeletal muscle, challenging a century-old paradigm and prompting a re-evaluation of kidney organogenesis in vertebrates.

This analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 421 multiple myeloma samples elucidates the timing of key genomic events and shows associations between the timing of 1q gain and clinical outcome.

The authors show that mitochondria can chronically hyperpolarize under normal or disease conditions and be induced by environmental exposures. This triggers phospholipid remodeling, which in turn affects the epigenome to regulate transcription.

A shortage of constitutive brown adipose tissue is shown to result when brown adipogenic progenitor cells lack a type of BMP receptor; however, this leads to an increase in sympathetic input to white adipose tissue and a compensatory browning of white fat depots.

Elevated triglyceride levels often occur in obesity and can contribute to cardiovascular disease. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is known to burn fat, and now Joerg Heeren and his colleagues show that BAT actively takes up triglycerides in cold conditions, suggesting a possible therapy to lower triglyceride levels in states of obesity.

A doped quantum antiferromagnet is obtained by using a Rydberg tweezer array comprising three levels encoding spins and holes to implement a tunable model that allows the study of previously inaccessible parameter regimes.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

A map of the surface of a brown dwarf reveals features that suggest patchy clouds, providing the mechanism for the dispersal of atmospheric dust as brown dwarfs cool with age.

Liver and adipose tissue are shown to use different metabolic routes to generate NADPH for de novo lipogenesis, with the liver relying on a unique cytosolic serine catabolic pathway involving the enzyme SHMT1.

Electric vehicles are increasingly adopted in the USA, with concurrent expansion of charging infrastructure and electricity demand. This Review details these trends and discusses their drivers and broader implications.

Opacities are considered to be the source of the disagreement between theoretical solar models and helioseismic data. Here, the authors show solar opacity profiles derived from seismic inferences, which differs from theoretical values used in the solar models.

Self-organized criticality can occur in cellular systems, but its origins remain unclear. Now it is shown that cytoskeletal criticality is influenced by the F-actin architecture and myosin active stress.

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer. Here, the authors identify distinct subtypes based on genomic alterations and transcriptomic alterations.

Two-dimensional materials offer potential for coherent light sources but face challenges with integration in silicon photonics. Here, the authors demonstrate a high-performance on-chip photonic circuit based entirely on a van der Waals heterostructure for coherent light generation, guiding and modulation.

Researchers show how a viral collagen glucosyltransferase works by solving its 3D structure, revealing dimerization-driven activity and its surprising ability to make the prebiotic sugar kojibiose, offering clues for drug and prebiotic development.

By regulating the level of accessible cholesterol on endothelial cells via OSBP/ORP-mediated transport, tetraspanin tunes the balance of Cdc42 and RhoA activities to affect vascular inflammation. Reducing accessible cholesterol by statin treatment or blocking its non-vesicular transport by OSBP/ORP inhibition can limit vascular inflammation.

Transient glaciation simulation during the last 3 Ma highlighted that extensive valley glaciations over High Mountain Asia began from 1.5 ~ 0.9 Ma, but the exact timing diverges across monsoonal- and westerly-influenced regions.

Frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) is a promising energy-efficient approach to fabricate polymeric materials but the characteristic properties of the front are currently controlled primarily by varying the resin composition or the environmental conditions. Here, the authors present an approach to control FROMP of dicyclopentadiene using photochemical methods.

Here, the authors show that Intracortical recordings in human motor cortex during attempted multi-finger movements reveal a largely linear code with two violations: magnitude normalization and greater shifts in tuning direction for weakly represented fingers.