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Tergaonkar and colleagues identify a noncanonical interaction between the NF-κB transcription factor family member p52 and the ETS family member ETS1. They find that the p52–ETS1 complex is required for splenic germinal center B cell formation and T cell-dependent antibody responses.

KDM4C regulates cathepsin L-mediated histone H3 N-terminal tail clipping through grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) methylation in breast cancer. This link between the cellular redox state and chromatin remodeling might represent a therapeutic target in KDM4C-amplified tumors.

Virus-host competition drives evolution of diverse antiviral defences in bacteria and antidefense systems in their viruses (phages). Here, Silas et al. use a functional screen of phage accessory genes to show how bacterial cell-surface sugars can be major determinants of phage host-range, and how some phage proteins injected into bacterial cells inhibit host immunity.

Five-year follow-up and prespecified exploratory biomarker analysis from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 trial show that pembrolizumab plus axitinib compared to sunitinib as first-line therapy continues to show overall and progression-free survival benefits in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma and indicate that a T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile is predictive of response.

In this work, authors utilise comparative transcriptomics to reveal lncRNAs that distinguish pathogen-specific from core macrophage responses. They identify a Q fever-specific AHR-regulated CYP1B1-AS1/CYP1B1 axis that modulates mitochondrial homeostasis and survival of Coxiella burnetii.

Filter-aided expansion proteomics facilitates spatial proteomics at subcellular resolution by integrating tissue expansion, imaging-guided microdissection and filter-aided in-gel digestion. This combination enhances the resolution, throughput and reproducibility for data-independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry analysis.

Early-life adversity is thought to increase the risk of psychopathology through epigenetic mechanisms. Here, the authors profile 6 histone marks, chromatin states and DNA methylation in the lateral amygdala in subjects with a history of early-life adversity.

Flies have evolved two distinct strategies for managing mechanical stresses during embryogenesis: out-of-plane cell division in midges and transient out-of-plane tissue folding in fruit flies.

The study reveals strikingly different nonlinear Rabi splitting dynamics in MoSe₂ monolayers and (Ga,In)As quantum wells, highlighting the pivotal role of Coulomb interactions in shaping light–matter coupling in two-dimensional semiconductors.

Isolates and metagenome-assembled genomes from a global survey show quasi-endemic and cosmopolitan lineages of SAR11-IIIb, with patterns driven by temperature and latitude.

Recent work suggested that diploblast embryos (Cnidaria) may have germ layers that are similar to those seen in bilaterians, but how these are specified remained unclear. Here, they use scRNA-seq and functional analyses to identify the signaling involved in germ layer segregation in Cnidaria.

Peng and colleagues present SpatialTopic, a scalable computational method that decodes spatial tissue structure from large-scale multiplexed images, thereby enabling rapid, integrative analysis of millions of cells across multiple tissue slides.

The physical organization of the genome in non-bilaterian animals and their closest unicellular relatives is characterized; comparative analysis shows chromatin looping is a conserved feature of genome architecture and spatial genome regulation emerged early in animal evolution.

PRPS enzymes are crucial for making nucleotides needed to build DNA, RNA, and proteins. This study shows how gene duplications and emergent innovations evolved an ancestral PRPS enzyme into a multi-protein complex in mammals, allowing fine-tuned metabolic regulation vital for growth and adaptation.

A reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit for modal decomposition in the Laguerre-Gaussian basis is introduced. The device measures relative phase, amplitude, and partial polarization of the constituting modes. It is capable of distinguishing up to 9 modes, providing a compact next generation platform for beam metrology.

Here they generate endogenous optogenetic RhoGEFs and use them to quantitatively direct and study epithelial furrowing via cell shortening, uncovering design principles for morphogenetic furrowing including a role for tissue mechanics in furrow asymmetry.

Al-Refaie et al. show that fasting induces spatial reorganization of chromatin and formation of chromatin rings in an mTORC1- and RNA Pol I-dependent manner in the C. elegans intestine.

Single-cell multi-omics in Drosophila testis reveals enhancer-driven gene regulatory networks and shows how Wnt signaling and key transcription factors orchestrate stem cell maintenance and lineage progression during early spermatogenesis.

Machine learning is revolutionising materials modelling but requires high-quality training data. Here, the authors introduce autoplex, an open framework automating exploration and fitting of potential-energy surfaces across diverse materials.

Precise CRISPR-based gene knock-in is often limited by variable efficiency across sgRNAs. Here, the authors develop ChemiCATI, a universal strategy combining Polq knockdown and AZD7648 treatment, enabling efficient and predictable integration across multiple loci in mouse embryos.

Anandasabapathy and colleagues show that the inhibitory receptor PD-1 impacts the specification of tissue-resident memory T cells in the skin.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

The noisy dynamics of biological neurons is vital for cognition, but artificial neurons failed to replicate it. Here, the authors show that neurons built with diffusive memristors can emulate the balance of stochastic and deterministic activity in biological neurons, while surpassing them in computational efficiency.

APC/C activity is transiently inhibited to generate a pulse of glycolysis that is required for mammalian cell cycle entry.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Multi-junction solar cells can provide a way to increase the efficiency of solar cells beyond the theoretical efficiency limits of single-junction devices. This Review explores the design and performance of multi-junction devices that use perovskite materials for the two wide bandgap middle and top layers.

Data collected from twenty-two equatorial moorings challenge the assumption that rain always makes the ocean lighter. Light rain tends to destabilize the ocean, whereas heavy rain has a stabilizing effect. Compared to daytime rain, night rain is more likely to cause instability.

Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often show lower academic achievement, commonly linked to limited resources. Here, the authors show that reduced exploration–a behavior tuned for learning in childhood–helps to explain these learning gaps.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.

TopoVelo infers cell differentiation stages and rate parameters of gene expression using spatially coupled differential equations.

Cancers have complex genetic, microscopic and macroscopic features analysed using imaging and omics technologies, but integrating these data is challenging. A framework combining deep learning and path modelling to integrate imaging and omics data is presented, producing a unified model of disease.

Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

In mammals, two major non-centromeric histone H3 (H3.1/2 and H3.3) variants, display distinct nuclear distribution patterns across the genome and use distinct deposition pathways. Here the authors reveal insights on the nuclear distribution of H3.1 and H3.3 variants, focusing on their relative enrichment at chromocenters throughout the cell cycle and in different cellular states.

Ultra-deep mapping of genome organization uncovers precise nuclear compartments and diffuse CTCF loops. This work demonstrates that compartment domains segregate the 5′ and 3′ ends of genes and that CTCF loops create proximal structures.

Analysis of two histone marks in single cells reveals interplay between modifications.

The physical mechanisms that govern chromosomal viscoelasticity remain elusive. Here the authors combine single-chromosome manipulation and computational methods to show that their collective properties are controlled by the physico-chemical environment.

Analysis of a deeply phenotyped, longitudinal cohort of 249 participants elucidates the network of concurrent molecular and macroscopic patterns related to insurgence and course of ME/CFS.

How the cardiac myocyte epigenome is rearranged during development, postnatal maturation and disease is not well understood. Here, the authors investigate the human cardiac myocyte epigenome during development and chronic heart failure and identify distinct epigenetic programs regulating these processes.

SCIFER detects clonal selection in whole-genome sequencing data using a population genetics model. Applied to a range of somatic tissues, SCIFER quantifies stem cell dynamics and infers clonal ages and sizes without requiring knowledge of driver events.

rAAV vectors vary in their effectiveness between species, making it difficult to predict clinical outcomes. Here authors show that AAV capsid proteins influence the vector epigenomic state in cells, and that a single amino acid change in the vector can alter the vector epigenome and hence transgene expression levels between species.

CellSpectra identifies functionally relevant changes in cellular pathways when analyzing single samples in comparison to a reference atlas, here applied to rodent models and patient samples of kidney disease.

SpaceM combines light microscopy and MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry to enable single-cell metabolic profiling of cultured cells. SpaceM reveals coexisting metabolic states of hepatocytes and aims to democratize single-cell metabolomics.

Tröger et al. identify a positioning and tethering process ensuring proper mitochondrial distribution during dendritic arbor formation of neurons and reveal the first molecular players - rhotekin2 and syndapin I - and underlying mechanisms.

Osteosarcomas (OS) are aggressive bone tumors which have no actionable recurrent driver mutations. Here the authors identify aberrant expression of EZHIP in a subset of OS patients as an oncogenic driver, which exhibits vulnerability to epigenetic therapies.