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Tissue resident donor CD4 T cells contribute to chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). To date, how these cells are maintained and the mechanism of pathogenesis remain undefined. Here, the authors perform transcriptomics and epigenomic analyses, they analyze memory CD4 T cell heterogeneity and differentiation pathways in tissues of mice with chronic GVHD and propose the selective targeting of stem-like memory T cell stemness or differentiation as a strategy to alleviate chronic tissue inflammation

Flatband-induced localisation generally does not apply to complex wavefunctions carrying orbital angular momentum. Here, authors develop a general framework for constructing highly degenerate flatbands in 2D and 3D acoustic crystals, enabling the localisation of OAM-carrying wavefunctions.

Actin-binding proteins form condensates that dynamically organize actin filaments. Here, the authors show that mechanochemical feedback between droplet mechanics and crosslinker multivalency tunes actin network structure and drives droplet deformation.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is approved for the treatment of transfusion-dependent thalassemia but remains limited to the use of matched sibling donors. In this multi-centre, phase-4 prospective clinical trial, the authors evaluate the use of alloHSCT with matched unrelated donors and haploidentical relatives.

Spatial targeting of HIV services may improve their effectiveness. Here, the authors use data on locations frequented by people who inject drugs in New Delhi, India to model different service prioritisation strategies.

Here, the authors reveal that PRMT5 localizes to mitochondria to preserve mtDNA homeostasis. Its loss disrupts nucleoids, mtDNA copy number, dynamics, and respiration. PRMT5 methylates TFAM at R82, stabilizing it against LonP1 degradation and enabling mtDNA protection.

SPX1 is an inositol (pyro)phosphate-dependent negative regulator of DNA binding by the PHR transcription factor. Here the authors show that SPX1 can also bind the promoter element targeted by PHR suggesting a role for SPX1 during phosphate deficiency.

KRASG12D -mutant pancreatic tumors are aggressive and resist therapy. Here the authors show that inhibiting KRASG12D weakens tumor DNA repair, sensitizing them to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, even in KRASG12D inhibitor-resistant tumors.

The transcriptional program that regulates immunosuppression in conventional dendritic cells needs exploration. The authors here identify ETS homologous factor (EHF) as a transcription factor that regulates cDC maturation and functions, with its deletion limits while its overexpression promotes cDCs immunosuppression function both in vitro and in vivo.

Here, the authors determine the cryo-EM structures of chicken ROS1, the ROS1/NEL complex, and the ROS1/NEL/NICOL complex, providing structural insight into how vertebrate ROS1 is activated by the NEL/NICOL ligand–co-ligand complex.

The coexistence of complex magnetic order and topological electronic states is rare. Here, the authors report the first observation of a harmonic helimagnetic structure in a topological Weyl semimetal.

Using entangled photons, researchers develop a non-interferometric, scanning-free quantum phase microscope enabling high-resolution, quantitative phase imaging of transparent samples at ultralow light levels and resilient to background noise.

The mosquito fat body plays key roles in metabolism and immunity. Here, using single-nuclei transcriptomics the authors reveal that blood feeding induces extensive transcriptomic changes, endoreplication and metabolic shifts in fat body trophocytes, while oenocytes respond to immune priming.

The use of optogenetics in non-human primates has been limited by technical challenges. Here the authors present an accessible optogenetics platform integrated with electrophysiology in awake behaving non-human primates.

Bioorganic molecules, such as amino acids, nucleobases, and sugars, are widely distributed in space. Here, the authors investigated solid-state condensation reactions of these prebiotic organic molecules under the combined effects of ionizing radiation and forsterite on the Chinese Space Station, and showed that cumulative low-dose ionizing radiation can trigger dipeptide formations and phosphorylation of ribose.

Using cryo-EM, Cui et al. map distinct conformational states of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env). The study establishes a classification framework for these dynamic structures and a mechanism of Env conformational changes from closed to fully open.

Here, in 244 pregnant women with and without HIV, the authors show that specific microbial taxa and metabolites are differentially abundant by HIV status, some of which are linked to adverse outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and inflammation, conditions that are more common among populations with HIV.

Regulating the orientation of crystal facets is always an important but challenging issue. Here, the authors report the droplet interface synthesis of Cs₂AgBiBr₆ single crystals and the random (100)/(110)/(111) orientations can be transformed to a selective (111)-preferred orientation.

The catalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is a crucial step in the production of bio-based plastics, yet it is hindered by sluggish multi-electron transfer kinetics. Here, the authors address this challenge by introducing a Mn–O–Co electron bridge within spinel CoMn₂O₄ to facilitate and accelerate electron transfer.

Karapetyan et al. report how multiscale electron ptychography, a computational electron microscopy technique with sub-Ångström lateral and nanometer-scale depth resolution, enables 3D imaging of buried features (distortions, defects, and roughness) in gate-all-around transistors, guiding the semiconductor fabrication.

Controlled reactions in solid or self-assembled states underpin dynamic materials and topochemical processes but suffer reduced efficiency without diffusion. Here, the authors report that an aromatic cystine derivative undergoes multiple topochemical steps with strong templating and chiral inheritance.

Paternal obesity impacts offspring health, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show that male obesity drives adipose mitochondrial dysfunction in F₁ mouse progeny via a let-7-DICER axis, identifying a pathway for intergenerational metabolic inheritance

This study reports that visible-light-excited TAPP aggregates generate highly reductive electrons ( − 2.68 V vs NHE) to cleave PFAS C–F bonds without additives, enabling a sustainable strategy for practical PFAS remediation in contaminated water.

The chromatin remodeler BRAHMA (BRM) is found as a repressor of plant adaptation to acid stress by inhibiting the STOP1-NRT1.1 signaling module. Under low pH, BRM degradation activates nitrate uptake and alkalinizes the rhizosphere.

Developing polymer composites which combine high strength, toughness, and impact resistance remains challenging. Here the authors propose a toughening strategy that integrates a trabecular interlock architecture with a stress-adaptive interface to enable efficient energy dissipation under mechanical loading.

The role of disorder in high-entropy oxides in electrocatalysis and zinc–air batteries remain unclear. Here, the authors induce controlled multilevel structural, electronic and atomic disorder to create new active sites, enabling robust, balanced oxygen catalysis and efficient zinc–air batteries.

An asymmetric spatial polarity strategy in donor-acceptor COFs directs charge transfer and enhances reactant activation, enabling efficient photocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion even at ultra-dilute concentrations under sunlight.

MoS₂ has emerged as a cost-effective catalyst for CO₂ hydrogenation to formate, yet its performance is limited by the difficulty of creating a sufficient density of highly active sulfur-vacancy–confined Mo sites. Here, the authors demonstrate that substituting Mo atoms with confined Co atoms in the MoS₂ lattice markedly enhances the efficiency of CO₂ hydrogenation to formate.

The molecular mechanisms of lipid regulation of membrane proteins remain unclear. Here, authors combine solid-state NMR, biochemistry experiments, and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate how lipids distinctly regulate membrane protein structure and function in lipid bilayers.

ENSO’s mid-century strengthening and post-2100 weakening under strong warming is driven mainly by changing tropical Pacific stratification, which produces contrasting adjustments in the feedbacks that regulate ENSO variability.

Colorectal cancer has been associated with changes in tissue-resident microbiota. Here, the authors characterize a cross-sectional delineation of microbiota changes across normal, polyp, and colorectal cancer tissues.

Directed evolution remains largely untapped for probiotic optimization, despite its promise for human health maintenance and disease therapy. Here the authors evolve B. lactis in vivo in germ-free mice for enhanced bile acid-metabolizing capacity via a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet.

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) boronic esters are crucial synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of a variety of BCP-containing drugs with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Here, the authors report a general approach to BCP boronic ester via direct, single-step decarboxylation of carboxylic acids.

Porous liquids show potential as material for carbon dioxide capture but their controlled synthesis remains challenging. Here the authors report a controlled in-situ transformation strategy to fabricate distinct types of porous liquids from one type of supramolecular framework.

Recent work has identified long-lived two-level systems in fluxonium qubits, prompting the development of techniques that capture environmental memory effects. Here, using two-timescale relaxometry, the authors show that the relaxation dynamics of fluxonium qubits are dominated by a discrete set of two-level systems with millisecond relaxation and sub-microsecond coherence times.

The authors propose a synergistic nitrogen and endohedral MoCl₅ doping strategy that produces lightweight carbon nanotube fibers with high specific electrical conductivity surpassing copper, while maintaining excellent environmental stability.

Mediterranean ecosystems are at risk of invasive weeds. Here, the authors assess fitness-related traits in common dandelions with culling experiments, finding that plants with intact microbiomes exhibit increased competitiveness in comparison to local species.

Succinic acid is platform chemical produced by energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly means. To unlock a biological route, the authors alleviate the limited intracellular electron transfer in A. succinogenes via a photoelectrocatalytic biohybrid, achieving a production rate of 1.41 g L-1 h-1 cm-2.

Eggplant is a globally widely cultivated vegetable. Here, the authors report the construction of pangenome based on 11 new and six existing chromosome-scale genomes assemblies, perform population genomic analyses of 226 accessions, and reveal structural variations associated with fruit color and bacterial wilt resistance.

This work introduces a simple and interpretable model that predicts the stability of multi-principal element alloys. By using energies from lower-dimensional systems, the model achieves high accuracy and is validated by experiments.

Nanopore peptide sensing faces throughput, library preparation and analysis challenges. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput platform that integrates library preparation with AI analysis to accurately identify peptides, enabling antibody validation and protein identification.

Human brains can recall memories from incomplete cues via associative memory. He et al. emulates this function using a hardware-adaptive learning algorithm for Hopfield-style recall, validate it on integrated RRAM crossbar, and demonstrate superliner capacity scaling in a multilayer architecture.

This study shows that extensive deforestation in the Amazon Basin has contributed substantially to the observed weakening of the Atlantic Niño variability since 1970, by strengthening the cross-equatorial southerly winds and reducing the air-sea coupling strength in the equatorial Atlantic.

The authors establish a universal symmetry framework that classifies spin–ferroelectric couplings in altermagnetic multiferroics into three fundamental types: decoupling, pseudo-time-reversal coupling, and asymmetric momentum mapping.

Conversion-type batteries with high energy storage efficiency are important to minimize the energy loss during energy storage. Here, authors develop a rechargeable battery with a maximum energy storage efficiency of 99.5% based on S-Cl synergistic chemistry and Cl₂ mediating role.

EGFR-targeted therapy is often used in patients with EGFR-driven cancer but is limited by on-target/off-tumor toxicities. Here, the authors develop a bispecific antibody targeting both EGFR and B7-H3 and demonstrate improved EGFR targeting and tumor selectivity in preclinical models of multiple solid tumors.

This research developed a spatially confined Cu/AgBr/TiO₂ photocatalyst that enables light-driven conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into C₂H₄ and H₂O₂ by stabilizing *OH intermediates and promoting C-C coupling.

Efficient and stable water adsorbents are essential for removing moisture from natural gas and olefins during their production, but industrial desiccants require high regeneration temperatures, while metal-organic frameworks often suffer from limited long-term stability and reusability. Here, the authors introduce a new type of molecular coordination complex desiccants.

Hierarchical nanostructures in ferroelectric ceramics greatly enhance light-driven strain, yielding a photostriction rate two orders higher than conventional bulk materials and enabling remote ultrasonic sensing for structural health monitoring.

Hospitalised patients are at risk of acquiring infections, and the risk increases when there is a higher prevalence among ward co-occupants, known as colonisation pressure. Here, the authors built an open-source tool for passive surveillance of colonisation pressure across a health system in the United States and assess impacts on infection risk for a range of pathogens.