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A combination of metagenomic data from experimental and natural warming with microbial culturing experiments shows that warming increases the potential of evolution of antibiotic resistance in soil bacteria.

HD5 induces filopodial extensions in epithelial cells that the pathogen Shigella exploits to facilitate invasion and infection.

The first outbreaks of mpox outside Africa in 2022 were caused by clade II but cases of a new clade Ib have been increasing in the Democratic Republic of Congo and neighbouring countries since 2024. Here, the authors describe a case report and public health investigation of the first detected case of mpox clade Ib in China.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with sinus node dysfunction, distal conduction disease and pacemaker implantation, implicating ion channel function, cardiac developmental programs and sarcomeric structure in bradyarrhythmia susceptibility.

Ranga Dias will have a second paper revoked. A journal’s investigation found apparent data fabrication.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human mitochondrial pyruvate carrier provide insights into its architecture, substrate transport mechanism and inhibition by the drug UK5099, with implications for the development of treatments for various metabolic diseases.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

Heteroaryl ketones are ubiquitous molecular scaffolds but seldom used as synthetic precusors. Here, the authors develop an acyl transfer-annulation to convert heteroaryl ketones to N-fused heterocycles, which are prevalent in bioactive molecules.

Cyclic and mirror-image variants of de novo-designed proteins effectively bind and clear small-molecule drugs in vivo in less than 30 min, highlighting the applicability of computational tools to produce protein antidotes.

An electrochemical method is used to couple together two alkyl halides, enabling efficient cross-electrophile coupling of a variety of alkyl electrophiles with improved chemoselectivity compared with existing methods.

In highly myopic eyes, early formation of nuclear cataracts with polarized and compacted lens fiber alignment is observed, yet the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, the authors show that TGF-β1-induced m6A modifications contribute to this process by modulating the PCP pathway.

A 35.7-kb inversion in the DG1 promoter increased DG1 expression in sorghum, inducing double-grain spikelets by restoring fertility to the lower floret. The superior DG1 allele boosted grain number and yield, providing insights for high-yield breeding.

Cheng et al. identify a mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency in the brains of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They demonstrate that defects in mitochondrial CIV induce ALS-like phenotypes in rats and highlight CIV deficiency as a potential risk factor and therapeutic target for ALS.

Enantioenriched α-aryl propionic acids are an important class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications. Here the authors use a visible-light-promoted photoredox/nickel catalyzed method to form such compunds via a three-component alkyl arylation of acrylates.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Communication of chirality at a molecular level is the fundamental for transmitting chirality information but one-step communication modes in many artificial systems limits further processing the chirality information. Here, the authors report chirality communication of aromatic oligoamide sequences within interpenetrated helicate architecture in a hierarchical manner.

Investigating mesoscopic systems can offer insights into the crossover between few-body and many-body regimes. Atomic arrays inside an optical cavity are now shown to enable the controlled study of critical properties on mesoscopic scales.

The high-throughput identification of cross-linking peptides is challenging. Here, the authors developed an enrichable and cleavable latent bioreactive unnatural amino acid eFSY, and a software AixUaa to improve the cross-linking peptides indentification in live cells.

Neural Decomposition (NEURD) is a software package that decomposes neuronal data from high-resolution electron microscopy volumes into feature-rich graph representations to facilitate analysis for neuroscience research.

TP63 is a master regulator transcription factor in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here the authors report that TP63 suppresses IFNγ signaling in SCC tumors and that its inhibition is associated with enhanced anti-tumor immunity and response to anti-PD1.

The efficiency of antibody-based immune checkpoint blockades could be compromised by the intracellular accumulation of checkpoint proteins. Here authors show that a pH-responsive artificial protein that targets PD-L1 to lysosomal degradation could achieve superior therapeutic effect compared to anti-PD-L1 treatment in mouse models of high microsatellite instability colon adenocarcinoma.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Gut microbiota-derived succinate promotes CitC succinyltransferase-dependent succinylation of PurR to alleviate T3SS repression and promote virulence in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Citrobacter rodentium.

A synthetic receptor platform that enables mammalian cells to respond to soluble factors allows specific signalling networks to be precisely controlled, with a variety of therapeutic applications.

International trade links regions of production and consumption. Analyses with a multiregional input–output model based on trade data reveal that much of East Asia’s aerosol radiative forcing is tied to consumption in developed countries.

Hypoglycemia is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition for people with insulin dependent diabetes, but preventative hypoglycemia therapies are elusive. Here, the authors report the use of catechol and boronic acid chemistry to design a self-crosslinkable hydrogel-based microneedle patch that delivers Zinc-Glucagon at low glucose levels and prevents insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

Excitatory neurons in the neocortex exhibit considerable morphological diversity, yet their organizational principles remain a subject of ongoing research. Here, the authors use unsupervised learning to show that most excitatory neuron morphologies in the mouse visual cortex form a continuum, with notable exceptions in deeper layers.

This study identifies somatostatin-expressing neurons in the habenula as key players in antidepressant actions. By modulating these neurons, the authors observed significant effects on depression-related behaviors, revealing their potential as therapeutic targets for enhancing well-being.

An analysis demonstrates that quantitative measurements of perisomatic ultrastructure features of neurons can be used to categorize them into cell types.

The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.

Computationally designed genetically encoded proteins can be used to target surface proteins, thereby triggering endocytosis and subsequent intracellular degradation, activating signalling or increasing cellular uptake in specific tissues.

The scale-up of the coupling of water electroreduction (HER) with organic electrooxidation remains challenging. Here the authors address this challenge by coupling HER with electrooxidation of raw biomass chitin, cogenerating acetate and green hydrogen safely at high current density.

A cluster randomized trial in China shows that telemedicine-based, village doctor-led delivery of integrated care reduced the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events and hospitalizations in older adults with atrial fibrillation.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The integrated process of mechanochemical fractionation-assisted and solar-driven electrochemical reforming, followed by biological funnelling, enables the efficient upcycling of sewage sludge. This process not only co-produces valuable single-cell protein and green hydrogen but also effectively removes heavy metal contaminants.

The Somatic Mosaicism across Human Tissues Network aims to create a reference catalogue of somatic mosaicism across different tissues and cells within individuals.