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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Previous models explain solid-solution strengthening by differences in atomic volume and electronegativity of the constituent atoms. Here, the authors consider both factors simultaneously and identify atomic volume as the dominant factor for FCC alloys.

A vibrational spectral phase retrieval approach to broadband CARS spectroscopy is presented, therefore enabling supervised compressive CARS microspectroscopy for artifact-free, high-speed quantitative chemical imaging.

The molecular motor dynein is modulated by several protein regulators, including LIS1. Here, authors use cryo-EM to show how LIS1 activates dynein by disrupting its autoinhibition and stabilizing intermediate states required to assemble the complexes that mediate transport.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Here authors used patient-derived forebrain organoids to reveal how LIS1 mutations cause varying severity in a neurodevelopmental disorder, uncovering links between cytoskeletal defects, protein stress, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Variation in responses to bacterial and viral stimuli between Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda suggests population-level divergence under natural selection, with hunter-gatherers disproportionately showing signatures of positive selection.

JWST/NIRSpec observations of the 49 Ceti debris disk reveal spatially resolved, fluorescently excited CO emission, indicating a secondary origin of the gas in debris disks (that is, from the collision of volatile-rich bodies).

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Condensates composed of the disordered region of the mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 (MED1) are known to partition specific proteins, but whether this specificity arises from ordered-structure-mediated or dynamic multivalent amino acid interactions remains unclear. Here, the authors show that a physics-based model that only accounts for multivalent polymer interactions is able to explain and predict selective partitioning, suggesting that the specificity of condensate composition is underpinned by multivalent interactions in the context of conformational disorder.

Biomolecular condensates (BCs) are ubiquitous compartments that regulate key functions in cells. Authors demonstrate that phase separation is suppressed with glycine by using model heterotypic condensates composed of nucleophosmin 1 and ribosomal ribonucleic acid.

Creative experiences such as dance, music, drawing, and strategy video games might preserve brain health. The authors show that regular practice or short training in these activities is linked to brains that look younger and work more efficiently.

Decision-making in multi-agent systems often involves control goals that break reciprocity. Here, authors derive a field theory for such interactions, revealing nonreciprocal couplings that generate diverse collective behaviors through simple manipulations.

Genetic factors affecting Aedes aegypti susceptibility to dengue virus infection aren’t well studied. Here the authors show that a cytochrome P450 gene, typically linked to cuticle structure and insecticide resistance, influences dengue infection in Aedes aegypti.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

New field measurements and modeling show meltwater refreezing in Greenland’s bare ice may reduce runoff to surrounding oceans, highlighting a process climate models can incorporate for improved predictions of future sea-level rise.

Joint injury and disease are leading causes of disability, with mammalian joints exhibiting poor regenerative capacity. Here the authors showed that after loss of a whole joint, adult zebrafish regenerate de novo articular cartilage, ligament, and synovium into a complex joint organ.

Activation of an LTR retrotransposon inserted upstream of the Fgf8 gene produces viral-like particles in the mouse developing limb, triggering apoptosis and causing limb malformation. This phenotype can be rescued by mutations in the retrotransposon coding sequence.

Here, the authors study the effects of expression quantitative trait loci on enhancer activity and promoter contacts in primary monocytes isolated from male individuals, suggesting an inherent genetic link between the activity of enhancers, their contacts to target gene promoters and gene expression.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, stepwise dose-escalation phase 1 trial evaluating a conjugate vaccine against both typhoid and invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, the vaccine was found to be safe and immunogenic in healthy adults.

Recently, the increased capabilities in generating pulsed optical fields that are rigidly transported in linear media without diffraction or dispersion has opened the path to realisation of 3D optical skyrmionic structures. Here, the authors demonstrate 3D-localized optical merons by imprinting polarization textures onto the momentum-energy space of ultrafast light pulses.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The study of nematic hosts with anisotropic colloidal particles is reported, but not on the chiral counterparts. Here, the authors report on biaxial properties in a system of colloidal rods with designed surface anchoring doped into a chiral nematic host.

Zheng et al. generated a mouse model of phospho-ablation in all canonical ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) phosphorylation sites. They show that RyR2 phosphorylation at these sites is dispensable for chronotropy and inotropy but is required to maintain electrical stability during adrenergic stimulation.

A Swedish study examined whether the risks of maternal and paternal suicide attempt differ during and after pregnancy and found a reversed sex difference in risk of suicide attempt during and after pregnancy compared with the general population.

TBK1 mutations are linked to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Fronto-temporal dementia (FTD), but their cell-type specific disease contributions are unclear. Here, the authors show that Tbk1 deletion from mouse microglia shifts them to an aged-like phenotype and causes social recognition deficits.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

In the randomized phase 3 AMPLITUDE trial, patients with HRR-deficient mCSPC experienced longer progression-free survival when they were treated with niraparib and AAP compared to placebo and AAP.

Dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stem cell-mediated intestinal repair following injury by promoting CD8 T cell-regenerative immune responses.

Using cryo-EM, Karasmanis, Reimer, and Kendrick et al. reveal a Lis1-mediated dynein dimer, termed Chi, that serves as intermediate state in relieving dynein’s autoinhibition.

While the ligand coordination microenvironment surrounding catalytic centres influences reactivity, dynamic oxygen reconstruction during water oxidation electrocatalysis complicates structure-based mechanistic insights. Now the in situ formation of lattice O–O ligands has been shown to activate Fe centres in metal oxides and hydroxides, thereby enhancing their oxygen evolution reaction activity.

Observations at infrared and millimetre wavelengths of the young protostar HOPS-315 show a gaseous disk captured at the point at which solids are first starting to condense, the t = 0 for planet formation.

Using a virtual reality apparatus in rats that dissociates external landmarks from self-motion cues, the authors describe how the two modes of theta phase coding in the hippocampus during navigation are controlled via distinct computations.

Observations of natural samples combined with laboratory experiments reveal that manganese minerals substantially influence nickel cycling in marine sediments and seawater, driven by adsorption and incorporation processes.

A black hole’s Hawking radiation inevitably deposits records of its location in the environment, making isolation fundamentally impossible. Here, the authors investigate the decoherence of a black hole in a superposition of two positions due to its Hawking radiation and give the rate of this process.

The use of solid particles to stabilize Pickering emulsions is a particularly attractive avenue, but oxygen sensitivity remains an obstacle in controlled polymerization reactions. Here, the authors show that lignin nanoparticles coated with chitosan and glucose oxidase enable efficient stabilization of Pickering emulsion and in situ enzymatic degassing of living radical polymerization.

Biased noise qubits, which can selectively suppress certain types of noise, are advantageous for quantum error correction of bosonic codes. Here the authors make an important step in this direction by demonstrating quantum control of a harmonic oscillator with a biased noise qubit.

There are many quantum systems that act as high-quality quantum harmonic oscillators, and they can be used to store quantum information using the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code. Entangling gates have now been demonstrated between two of these qubits.

A combined sequencing technique assesses 18 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer over a multi-year period from diagnosis to recurrence and shows drug resistance typically arises from selective expansion of one or a few clones present at diagnosis.

Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of lung cancer. Here, the authors identify distinct subtypes based on genomic alterations and transcriptomic alterations.

Hunter et al. use RNA labelling to investigate RNA transfer between organs in mice. They show that RNA potentially moves en masse from liver to kidney and that this movement is augmented in acute liver injury, although the physiological relevance of the phenomenon is not yet known.

Here the authors show that rehabilitating nuclear speckles, membraneless organelles involved in mRNA processing and gene regulation, can boost protein quality control and reduce toxic protein buildup, as well as ameliorate models of diseases like tauopathy and retinal degeneration.

Human RIF1 protein protects cells from DNA replication stress, through mechanisms that remain uncertain. Here the authors demonstrate that the RIF1-Long isoform interacts with BRCA1 upon extended replication stress, enabling RAD51-dependent repair of broken replication forks.

In a magnetoelectric material, an applied electric field can drive changes in the magnetic order. This feature has profound technology prospects and here, Moody et al demonstrate deterministic control of the direction of magnetic spiral order via an applied electric field in Cu₂OSeO₃.

Vibrational strong coupling (VSC) can alter energy exchange in molecules. Here, authors show that VSC delocalizes OH stretches in water, enhancing intermolecular energy transfer rates and enabling new pathways via cavity-induced resonances.