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Neuron-specific DNA methylation and intragenic enhancers target the Rett syndrome protein methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 to regulate genes that delineate closely related neuron types, suggesting breakdown of fine-scale neuronal specification in developmental disorders.

Roads traversing agricultural and natural areas outside of city boundaries can have detrimental ecological effects. This study quantifies the extent of global road effect zones, where ecological and environmental conditions are likely to be affected by road traffic, over the past few decades.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

Pharmacologic inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) shows limited efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) models. Here the authors find that targeting the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL synergizes with DHODH inhibition in promoting apoptosis in PDAC cells, patient-derived organoids, and PDAC mouse models.

Across qubit platforms, improving coherence often compromises operational speed. Here, the authors overcome this trade-off by electrically controlling a hole spin qubit in a Ge/Si core/shell nanowire, achieving triple manipulation speeds while quadrupling coherence times.

In this study, Yang et al. compile a global dataset to uncover the degree to which plants coordinate root and seed traits. They report a global positive correlation between root diameter and seed size, driven by dual roles of arbuscular mycorrhiza in phosphorus uptake and pathogen defence.

Secondary malignancies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-derived malignant T cell transformation have been reported after CAR-T therapy. Here, the authors describe a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who developed new lymphadenopathy 2.5 years after CAR-T in the context of COVID-19 infection with histopathologic features consistent with T-cell lymphoma (TCL).

How tree diversity effects on ecosystem functioning vary along climatic gradients is unclear. Here, analysing data from 15 experimental forest sites, the authors show that tree growth responses to neighbourhood species diversity are stronger in wetter climates but are unaffected by interannual climatic variation within sites.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

Although uranium-nitrogen multiple bonding is well developed, there are far fewer uranium-phosphorus and -arsenic multiple bonds, and none for antimony, even in spectroscopic scenarios. Here, the authors report syntheses of uranium-stibido, -stibinidiide, -distibene, and -stibinidene derivatives containing single, double, and pseudo-triple bond interactions.

Strain engineering can be used to control spin and optical properties of defect centers. Xue et al. report an all-optical method to reconfigure and increase the local strain of color centers in diamond, which, unlike previous approaches, does not require external fields or nanostructure modifications.

A study of millions of couples shows spouses often share psychiatric disorders. This pattern is consistent across cultures (Taiwan and Nordic countries) and has persisted for generations, impacting how these disorders are inherited.

Western Africa is one of the world’s largest cocoa-producing regions, with just two countries supplying up to 60% of global production, but at a high carbon cost. Incorporating shade trees into cocoa farms offsets the industry’s carbon cost, but existing coverage is low. Expanding coverage could substantially boost carbon stocks without reducing yield.

Aarrestad et al. show that, in contrast to psychedelics, the nonhallucinogenic psychoplastogen tabernanthalog promotes neuroplasticity through 5-HT_2AR activation without immediately increasing extracellular glutamate levels or immediate early gene expression.

An integrated dataset combining genetics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics from 1,342 people living with HIV illuminates molecular pathways driving immune responses and comorbidities in this population.

A clinical trial using continuous glucose monitoring found that a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet tailored for diabetes reduced hyperglycemia and improved glucose control compared to a typical American diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The authors demonstrate nanometric detection of individual objects by employing strong coupling of elastic light scattering in self-assembled plasmonic nanocavities. This establishes a possible method for observing small, non-fluorescent, sub-15 nm objects.

Here, the authors developed a plasma cell-free RNA test for early PDAC detection in high-risk and symptomatic patients.

Current catalysts for water-splitting electrolyzers are scarce and unstable under acidic conditions. Here, the authors report that cobalt oxyhydroxide works across all pH levels, delivering stable industrial-scale current for 400 h while its redox behavior adapts with acidity.

DNA thermodynamics underlies many biological and biotechnological applications but is challenging to accurately predict. Here, the authors develop a high-throughput DNA melting method and improve computational models for predicting DNA folding energies from sequence data.

SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to sustained increased macrophage numbers and formation of enlarged lipid-laden macrophages after viral clearance. This can be prevented with antiviral treatment in mice.

Determining the prevalence of Long COVID is challenging because many symptoms attributed to the syndrome could have other causes. Here, the authors estimate the prevalence of Long COVID in Scotland by comparing rates of symptoms reported by people with and without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The ability to sequence oligonucleotides which consist entirely of artificial bases will facilitate their ongoing development and use. Here authors demonstrate de novo nanopore sequencing of DNA oligomers composed of “P” “Z” “S” and “B” bases with high sequencing accuracy.

Arboviruses are climate sensitive, and their global distributions are changing. Here, the authors describe results of a One Health study programme to investigate the occurrence of Usutu and West Nile Virus in the Netherlands, a previously non-endemic area.

There are many quantum systems that act as high-quality quantum harmonic oscillators, and they can be used to store quantum information using the Gottesman–Kitaev–Preskill code. Entangling gates have now been demonstrated between two of these qubits.

The activity of the tumour-suppressor protein p53 is repressed in the thymus to augment fluctuations in background chromatin accessibility as a means of mediating ectopic gene expression and immune tolerance.

Arginylation is a post-translational modification that is difficult to distinguish from arginine residues using mass spectrometry. Now a method has been developed to profile protein arginylation ex vivo and is tested on different samples, revealing 235 unique arginylation sites in the human proteomes.

A randomized controlled trial found no difference in paranoid ideations between virtual reality-based and gold-standard cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, in contrast to previous trials using wait-list or passive controls.

The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family proteins are attractive drug targets but tools to monitor their activation are lacking. Now, STAT biosensors have been developed for real-time tracking in live cells and are applied to screen inhibitors and investigate the effects of cancer-associated mutations.

N-glycans on glycoRNAs prevent innate immune sensing of endogenous small RNAs, and the natural mechanism they use demonstrates how glycoRNAs exist on the cell surface and in the endosomal network without inducing autoinflammatory responses.

A large-scale mouse study reveals that while existing epigenomic data detect many developmental enhancers, a substantial fraction is missed - highlighting the need for expanded resources to fully annotate enhancers genome-wide.

Selective chemical upcycling of polyolefin mixtures remains challenging due to the structural similarity of their backbones. Now it has been shown that a single-site nickel catalyst can preferentially and efficiently cleave branched C–C bonds, enabling the hydrogenolytic separation of isotactic polypropylene from mixtures containing both isotactic polypropylene and polyethylene.

Li et al. uncover a lysosomal surveillance response whereby intestinal lumen deacidification induces a transcriptional programme that boosts lysosomal activity and improves protein aggregate clearance in multiple worm disease models, extending healthspan.

Analysis of whole genomes and life-history data of male black grouse shows that deleterious mutations, especially those in promotors, reduce lifetime reproductive success.

Using sequencing and haplotype-resolved assembly of 65 diverse human genomes, complex regions including the major histocompatibility complex and centromeres are analysed.

Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 therapy) has been shown to reduce type 2 inflammation in asthma. Here the authors use bulk transcriptomics from nasal samples before and after mepolizumab treatment to assess the changes and associations with treatment outcomes.

Azetidines are four-membered saturated N-heterocycles that are of interest in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Here the authors report how sulfamoyl fluoride substituents tune the reactivity of acyclic imine-derived triplet intermediates for the synthesis of azetidines via a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction with alkenes.

Beading combines soft, compliant threads with discrete, rigid elements to make architected materials. Here, authors show how geometry, tension, and friction together enable programmable shape and tunable mechanical behavior.

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) mediates antiviral host immune response. Here, the authors identify a catalytic activity-independent function of OGT in restraining influenza A virus replication by translocating to lipid droplets and limiting their accumulation following interaction with viral RNA.

Weak transitions have a prominent role in optical clock devices and fundamental physics tests but are challenging to resolve due to the unfavourable scaling of the cross section with transition strengths. Here, the authors demonstrate enhanced cross sections due to beyond single-photon excitations in He atoms, facilitating applications in precision spectroscopy.

Artificial magnetic fields enable topological transport in metamaterials. Here, authors realize a programmable optomechanical metamaterial where laser-induced synthetic magnetism gives rise to chiral phonon edge states characteristic of quantum-Hall-like behavior.

The relative importance of facilitative and competitive interactions in long-term community dynamics is debated. Here, the authors show that indirect reciprocal facilitation during recruitment in woody plant communities is widespread and linked with species richness, and explore its role in the coexistence of species.

Montoliu-Gaya, Salvadó et al. develop a blood-based model using tau biomarkers measured in a single analysis enabling biological staging of Alzheimer’s disease to support the diagnosis, prognosis and identification of patients likely to benefit from targeted therapies.

MINFLUX microscopy typically can only continuously localise one fluorescent emitter at a time. Here, the authors present a multiplexing variant using a ratiometric differential emission detection to simultaneously visualise the diffusion of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and cholesterol on live-cell plasma membranes.

The response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer has been heterogenous. Here, the authors utilise longitudinal sampling of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model to identify biomarkers of response.

Head and neck cancer patients could greatly benefit from personalised treatment, but a lack of large public datasets hampers this potential. Here, the authors present HANCOCK, a multimodal dataset that integrates demographical, clinical, and histopathological data for 763 head and neck cancer patients that empowers machine learning models for clinical outcome prediction.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

The Mre11-Rad50 complex, key in eukaryotic DNA damage response, was resolved at 3.2 Å by cryo-EM. The study defines critical residues for assembly and DNA binding, and shows Rad50’s coiled coil affects ATP hydrolysis over distance.