Search

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Biocompatible and stretchy organic field-effect transistors can be created using a vulcanized blend film of semiconducting nanofibres and a medical-grade elastomer.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Cholesterol sensing by LYCHOS regulates mTORC1 signaling through GATOR1-Rag GTPase. Here, authors reveal cryo-EM structures of LYCHOS in various states, showing cholesterol binding shifts it from an expanded to a contracted state, exposing a cytosolic element that engages GATOR1.

Here, the authors reveal the role of ATG7 in innate immune cells in defending against nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infections by controlling excessive neutrophil-driven inflammation and cell death, which would otherwise promote bacterial overgrowth.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

A highly mobile adeno-associated virus with high tropism for pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells prevents and reverses the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice and rats.

Cancer stem-like cells contribute to tumor growth and therapy resistance in glioblastoma. Here, authors identify that DHRS13 inhibition promotes differentiation of glioma stem-like cells by activating retinoic acid signaling and induces cell death through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-driven mitophagy.

Phosphatases are key components in cellular signalling networks. Here, the authors present a systematic functional analysis of phosphatases of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, revealing roles in virulence, stress responses, O-mannosylation, retromer function and other processes.

Thiirane, the sulfur congener of oxirane, has been hard to access in a stereodefined form. Here, the authors accomplished a highly stereoselective synthesis of cis-diarylthiiranes through the stereospecific sulfurization of E,E-aldazine N-oxides.

How changes in brain blood vessels lead to a chronic reduction in blood flow and, consequently, to vascular dementia is poorly understood. Here, the authors show that venous endothelial dysfunction driven by EPAS1 promotes abnormal vascular remodeling and contributes to cognitive decline.

This study reports the direct 3D quantitative mapping of local nitrogen distribution across a range of silicon-based semiconductor structures and devices using atom probe tomography, offering nanoscale insights into impurity control and contributing to improved device performance and reliability.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

A mixed-precision heterogeneous memristor combined with a compute-in-memory artificial intelligence (AI) processor allows optimization of the precision, energy efficiency, storage and wakeup-to-response time requirements of AI edge devices, which is demonstrated using existing models and datasets.

RNA fragments derived from cleaved transfer RNAs play roles in gene regulation and cell proliferation. Here, the authors report that upon ER stress, an ER ribonuclease produces a specific tRNA fragment that promotes cancer cell proliferation and modulates mRNA alternative splicing.

The overall physical properties of binary-phase systems ranging from metallic alloys to soft polymers are affected by phase-separation morphologies. Here, Chung et al.use atomic-resolution electron microscopy to demonstrate the influence of quadruple junctions on the morphology evolution during phase separation.

Accurate prediction of surgical outcomes is essential for selecting treatment plans and ensuring patient satisfaction in corrective jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery). Here, the authors present and validate GPOSC-Net, a generative model for orthognathic surgery planning, to predict surgical movement and synthesize post-operative cephalograms from pre-operative data using a diffusion model.

Endosomal EGFR signaling and lysosomal degradation play important roles in controlling numerous biological processes. Here, the authors show that Arl4A negatively regulates EGFR degradation by binding to VPS36 and attenuating ESCRT-mediated late endosomal EGFR sorting.

High-resolution electron microscope images collected in real time demonstrates the occurrence of multiple intermediary phases during the crystallization of a metal phosphate. The observations represent the first atomic-scale demonstration of Wilhelm Ostwald’s ‘rule of stages’ proposed over a century ago.

A polymerization method for converting elemental sulfur into a chemically stable, processable and electrochemically active copolymer has been described. This methodology — termed inverse vulcanization — is conducted by a one-step process using liquid sulfur, as both reaction medium and reactant, and vinylic comonomers to form polymeric materials with a high content of sulfur (50–90 wt%).

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

Akkermansia muciniphila has several clades (AmI-AmIV), with one clade usually dominating per host. Here, the authors show AmII-derived extracellular vesicles mediate competitive exclusion of AmI via direct inhibition and immune stimulation.

Kim and colleagues perform a phase 2 clinical trial (ELM-2) of odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma and report on the primary analyses of the efficacy and safety profile.

In patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), resistance to treatment with trastuzumab and cytotoxic chemotherapy remains high. Here, the authors report the results of a phase Ib/II clinical trial assessing the safety and clinical response to a quadruplet regimen of pembrolizumab, trastuzumab, capecitabine, and cisplatin as a first-line therapy for HER2-positive AGC.