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A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

US households with heat pumps begin cooling earlier, and this adoption narrows the income-based disparities in cooling. Heat pumps help alleviate energy insecurity, make energy more affordable and make homes more comfortable.

Chromatin accessibility dynamics causally influence changes in gene expression levels, but these fluctuations may not be directly coupled over time. Here, authors develop computational causal framework HALO, examining epigenetic plasticity and gene regulation dynamics in single-cell multi-omic data.

Having a rich negative emotion vocabulary is assumed to help cope with adversity. Here, the authors show that emotion vocabularies simply mirror life experiences, with richer negative emotion vocabularies reflecting lower mental health, and richer positive emotion vocabularies reflecting higher mental health.

The authors report on a method for precise control of stoichiometry and surface termination during thin-film growth of a wide range of perovskite ABO₃ phases that exploits dynamic B-site layer inversion seen in the in situ electron diffraction.

Speech brain-computer interfaces face challenges scaling across individuals with different brain organization. Using minimally invasive recordings from 25 patients, the authors developed transfer learning methods that enable robust speech decoding even with incomplete brain coverage.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Using single-cell metabolomics techniques, Chen and colleagues reveal that an aldehyde-dehydrogenase-2-dependent γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis pathway in hippocampal pyramidal neurons suppresses their excitability during long-term potentiation and learning, linking neuronal metabolism to synaptic plasticity and behavioral adaptability.

The protein corona formed on nanoparticles can impact bioactivity. Here the authors show that the protein corona on lipid nanoparticles alters their function and reduces transfection efficiency, showing the importance of considering the protein corona in designing lipid nanoparticle-based therapeutics.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Aspiration-assisted bioprinting is a versatile biofabrication technique that enables the precise and selective patterning of biologics, such as tissue spheroids and organoids, addressing the limitations of conventional bioprinting techniques.

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior has been observed within 1D defects in transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, using complementary experiments and engineered defects, the authors demonstrate the importance of graphene as a substrate and its role in the formation of this quasiparticle excitation in 2D WS₂.

The recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have created both intrigue and apprehension in the world of research. In this Viewpoint, we asked 12 experts in the field of metabolism to share their — differing — opinions on the use of AI in pre-clinical and clinical metabolic research.

This study maps chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution in rice and related grasses, revealing how regulatory DNA elements evolve across cell types and species and identifying potential silencers that control gene expression.

Restoring ecosystems depends on the cultivation of native plants to balance biodiversity with agricultural needs. This Letter finds that despite being overlooked for commercial varieties, 85% of Mediterranean native annuals could be used in olive groves for nature-based agronomy.

Wang et al. show that pregnane X receptor (PXR), a well-known DNA-binding nuclear receptor, has mRNA stabilization functions when in the cytoplasm, thus unveiling a noncanonical perspective to understand and target PXR as an RNA-binding protein.

Scaffolding protein ankyrin-B, implicated in cardiometabolic syndrome, enables mitochondrial fission and flexibility of nutrient utilization under energetic stress in skeletal muscle to support energy production and optimal exercise capacity.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

Homeowners could benefit from flood insurance to offset the negative impacts of climate-induced natural disasters. However, with detailed micro-level data, researchers find substantial protection gaps and underinsurance across the USA that disproportionately affect low-income households.

Moiré patterns and flat bands usually occur in multilayer materials with a small interlayer twist angle, but this can cause detrimental lattice reconstruction. Now, flat bands are shown in a bilayer with large twist angle and structural rigidity.

Purely elastic biomimetic soft materials are used to characterize the mechanical response of cells, but do not resemble real tissues. Here the authors develop a viscoelastic solid hydrogel, based on polyacrylamide, that can be tuned to closely resemble soft tissue, and show the influence of viscous dissipation on cellular mechanical sensing.

Palaeontologists and comparative neurobiologists share a common interest in the evolution of the mammalian brain, but often fail to realize the benefits of this shared interest. This Review draws these fields together, demonstrating the utility of a cross-disciplinary, synergistic approach.

Energy insecurity is a major concern in the USA, but rooftop solar may be an effective tool for reducing this insecurity of vulnerable households. New research finds that rooftop solar leads to a large reduction in energy insecurity, particularly among low- to moderate-income households in the country.

The analysis of radial velocity variations of O-type stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud reveals a large fraction of close binaries, suggesting that binary physics also plays a prominent role in the low-metallicity environment of the distant Universe.

FFPE tissues are widely used to preserve clinical specimens, but formalin-induced crosslinking limits their use in epigenomic profiling. Here, the authors present spatial FFPE-ATACseq, enabling in situ chromatin accessibility mapping while preserving tissue architecture in archived samples.

Here, the authors develop pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids by mimicking in vivo proximal differentiation, providing a model to study nephron development, injury responses, and a platform for therapeutic discovery.

SWING is a versatile interaction language model that can learn the language of peptide and protein interactions.

The authors discuss the dysregulated host response in sepsis and the use of biomarkers to gauge the immunological status of patients and potentially guide precision medicine. They also highlight potential immunomodulatory therapies for sepsis and discuss the future of sepsis clinical trials.

Electric vehicles are increasingly adopted in the USA, with concurrent expansion of charging infrastructure and electricity demand. This Review details these trends and discusses their drivers and broader implications.

Nature Biotechnology’s annual survey highlights academic startups that are, among other things, designing circular RNA therapeutics, tackling cancer with arenaviruses, creating psychedelics without the trip, editing genes and cells in vivo, harnessing the power of autoantibodies and editing the epigenome.

Since publication of the first issue of Nature Reviews Nephrology 20 years ago, advances across various subspecialities of nephrology have provided insights into disease processes and led to the development of new therapeutics for people with kidney disease. However, despite this progress, many kidney diseases remain untreatable, the costs of kidney disease care are immense, and vast inequities persist in disease burden and access to care. In this Viewpoint, we ask experts from several key subspecialties of nephrology to reflect on progress made over the past 20 years, remaining challenges and the steps needed to move the field forward.

The understanding of defects in bromide-based perovskites remains elusive. Electric biasing and introducing bromide in the precursor solution during crystal growth is shown to significantly reduce defects in formamidinium lead bromide.

The role of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation in cancer remains to be studied. Here the authors show that high mtDNA mutation burden in lung cancer models leads to increased glycolysis but limited de novo serine synthesis, rendering sensitivity to dietary serine and glycine deprivation.

Evolutionary models can help understand how the spatial arrangement of a population shapes its evolutionary dynamics. This study presents such a method and shows that the spatial architectures of stem cell populations in bone marrow are suppressors of selection, hinting at a potential evolutionary design.

ATM inhibitors (ATMi) cause cell death by enabling CtIP to induce excessive DNA resection. A study now shows that ERCC6L2 regulates resection by forming condensates with CtIP to prevent its degradation. Loss of ERCC6L2 decreases sensitivity to ATMi, which suggests that ERCC6L2 deficiency can be a biomarker for ATMi resistance.

The Grillet lab identified an additional component of the auditory mechanotransduction Machinery, the protein LOXHD1, which is indispensable to keep the ion channel subunit TMC1 next to the tip-link, where the force induced-by sound is transmitted.

Nature Biotechnology’s annual survey highlights academic start ups that are, among other things, correcting misfolded or disordered proteins, creating second-generation GPCR agonists, building a new gene delivery platform and mining cancer genomes for novel targets.

An expert recommendation is presented for the design and evaluation of research studies using transcranial electrical stimulation, resulting in the selection of a 66-point checklist aimed at improving the quality of transcranial electrical stimulation studies.

Wilms tumor, an embryonal tumor associated with disrupted organogenesis, often harbors mutations in epigenetic regulators. Here, the authors reveal how mutations in the chromatin reader ENL disrupt kidney development at single-cell resolution and how to target them, thus linking disrupted development to cancer and opening up a new therapeutic approach.

Ghatak and colleagues describe a protocol for labeling cell-type-specific exosomes via targeted expression of reporters, isolation from mouse skin tissues by immunomagnetic separation and characterization using established assays.

Boiko et al. enhance expressiveness and interpretability of molecular representation in graph neural networks by including quantum-chemical-rich information into molecular graphs.

Mélange is reported to be thinner in summer during glacier terminus retreat and thicker in winter during terminus advance. A discrete element model is created to estimate the forces that mélange exerts to buttress Greenland glaciers.

The authors showcase a compact, energy-efficient multi-wavelength light source for scalable multi-Tb/s optical links. The system integrates a Kerr microcomb with a CMOS-compatible demultiplexer that requires zero tuning energy—advancing the design of practical, high-capacity WDM systems for data center and communication infrastructure.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

The bacterial plant pathogen genus Xanthomonas uses two distinct secretion systems for antibacterial competition. Here the authors show that some Xanthomonas lineages have switched from the ancestral X-T4SS state to T6SS-i4 despite the functional similarity of the systems, with X-T4SS gene clusters subject to degradation and loss and T6SS-i4-encoding sequences inserted through independent gains.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.